Five Pillars of Islam Essay -- Islam Religion Essays

The Five Pillars of Islam later on watching The Five Pillars of Islam it has made me rather interested in the history and rip of the Islamic religion. So often today we see the Islam as a religion of terrorism, and war. We see it as a religion of people that have null in their heart but bad. The truth is that Islam was started on principles very different from what we see in the news or hear on the radio. Islam rather has a long rich history that is full of some of the same principles and morals of Christianity that atomic number 18 seen in the western world as the foundation of good. Islam has what it calls The Five Pillars that are in purpose much like the Christian Ten Commandments. They are a set of rules that are the foundation of the Islam as a whole. The Five Pillars are Shahadah, Salah, Zakah, Sawm, and Hajj.Shahadah is the first pillar that is the act of believing and saying the words There is no god worthy of worship except god and Muhammad is his messenger. This is at the very heart of Islam. Before Muhammad and his message the Islamic people worshiped many gods. They had a different god for everything, and gave sacrifices to these gods to commemorate them happy. After Muhammad brought his message people were to besides believe in one god and that no other god was worthy of ones worship. This is identical to the first commandment of the Christian church that says You shall have no other deity before me, and the second commandment that says You shall not make for yourself a graven image, or any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth you shall not bow down to them or serve them for I The Lord your God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children to the third and the fourth generation of those who hate Me, but showing steadfast love to thousands of those who love Me and keep My Commandments. Both of these commandments are identical to that o f the First pillar in that they both set up the fact that there is only one god and that his chase shall only worship him.Salah is the second pillar that is requires all Islamic people to pray five times a day. These prayers are not right any old prayer they are rather set prayers that are expected of a good Islamic person to pray. They are very ritualistic and must be done in a very ordere... ...ammad had said, A person who performs Hajj properly will return as a new born baby (free of all sins). The pilgrimage also enables Muslims from all around the world, of different colors, languages, races, and ethnicities, to come together in a spirit of universal conglutination and sisterhood to worship their god together. In much the same way Christians have revivals where they come together and worship with other believers at a central event. Although there is a definite difference between revivals of the Christian church and the trip to Mecca for the Muslim people the idea is the s ame, worship your god with your fellow brothers and sisters. After watching The Five Pillars of Islam and looking into the beliefs of Islam, it occurs to me that the Christian and Islamic faiths have a lot in common. The Islamic faith is very different than what we see on TV and here in the news. We often times only allow our selves to see the bad and look over the good. After watching this movie I believe we as people of the western world need to look at The Five Pillars and realize truly what the Islamic faith is based on, and not what we have been led to believe from the news and media.

Examining for Aphasia Essay -- Assessment

IntroductionExamining For Aphasia was created in 1954 by John Eisenson in New York (Eisenson, 1954). It was one of the first tests for assessing spoken vocabulary impairment (Benson & Ardila, 1996) and provides a guided approach for evaluating language disturbances and other disturbances closely related to language function (Eisenson, 1954). The test was originally developed for use with a group of patients in an army hospital who had aphasia and other related disturbances. Over time, the original inventory was refined and improved until testing has shown the applicability of various part of the test as well as of the examination as a whole (Eisenson, 1954, p. 32) and gave rise to the commercial version.Purpose The purpose of Examining for Aphasia (EFA) is to examine adolescents and adults, particularly those whose language abilities have become impaired after normal language functioning had been established. Its main purpose is to ascertain the type and level of the language dysf unction (Eisenson, 1954). It aims to suspensor the clinician discover what abilities remain, with the end goal of forming the basis of a program of retraining. It is the hope that following the examination, the clinician will have an overall view of the patients level of strengths and weaknesses within for each one area of language function.ConstructionEFA is carve up into two main parts receptive and expressive. The first part includes items to test abilities and to expose disturbances in the patients capacity to deal with concrete materials, visual representation, and to recognize items. The second part tests expressive abilities, not verbal and non-verbal. Within both sections, the tests are further divided into sub-symbolic and higher symbolic levels, w... ...n addition allows clinicians to form a basis from which to plan intervention and set goals. ReferencesBenson, D. F., & Ardila, A. (1996). Aphasia a clinical perspective. New York Oxford University Press.Browndyke, J. (2002). Aphasia Assessment Retrieved 9 whitethorn 2012, from http//www.neuropsychologycentral.com/interface/content/resources/page_material/resources_general_materials_pages/resources_document_pages/aphasia_assessment.pdfEisenson, J. (1954). Examining for aphasia a manual for the examination of aphasia and related disturbances. New York Psychological Corporation.Skenes, L. L., & McCauley, R. J. (1985). Psychometric review of nine aphasia tests. Journal of Communication Disorders, 18(6), 461-474. doi 10.1016/0021-9924(85)90033-4Benson, D. F., & Ardila, A. (1996). Aphasia a clinical perspective. New York Oxford University Press.

The Industrial Revolutions: The effects on Europe and the World :: European Europe History

The Industrial innovations The personal effects on Europe and the WorldThe Industrial Revolution affected life in Europe during the nineteenth century very greatly. Cities in Great Britain were growing rapidly, this was known as urbanization. Many cities such as Glasgow and Berlin more than doubled in size. The Industrial Revolution was having a positive affect on Great Britain. From the outpour of people into cities looking for work, things were so rapidly paced that there was no order in these cities. Unsanitary and unprotected buildings were being built all over to home all of the workers. There was less than adequate education and police protection for the ever-growing population. Many people had to cost in shelters due to the lack of caparison many families lived in a single room. Many people died of cholera from the poor living and working conditions. The main goal that factory owners wanted was to keep their production a constant, working for the better part of a day. Sin ce the owners wanted to save as much coin as possible, the factories were rarely cleaned or well lit. Coalmines posed the biggest danger from the constant inhalation of coal dust and the collapse of the mines. Workers had a life expectancy 10 years less than of another worker. Even though the Industrial revolution brought problems to life quickly, through the long run a number of positive effects arose. It provided jobs for workers and it aided in technological progress and invention. It raised the standard of living from increased production of good and it in the improvement in peoples lives. Better housing and cheaper mass-produced clothing helped people become healthier. From the strong demand of engineers and professional workers, education became very profuse. For the lower class workers of the Industrial Revolution, their life slowly hardly surely improved during the 19th century, through earning higher wages, shorter hours, and improved working conditions.

Free Essay on Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter - Lasting Effect of Sin :: Scarlet Letter essays

Lasting Effect of Sin The Scarlet Letter   Puritan society set(p) great importance upon a persons reputation. Without an honorable reputation a person is not worthy of respect from others in their society. Characters in this novel go through with(predicate) their lives struggling with themselves trying to cope with the guilt and shame associated with their actions. In Nathaniel Hawthornes novel, The Scarlet Letter, he shows the lasting effect that sin has on Hester and Dimmesdale.   Hester Prynnes guilt is the result of her committing adultery, which has a profound effect on her life. Hester is publicly seen with the scarlet earn when she first emerges out of the cold dark prison. It had the effect of a spell, taking her out of the so-so(predicate) relations with humanity and enclosing her in a sphere by herself (Hawthorne 49). The spell that is mentioned is the scarlet letter, so fantastically embroidered and illuminated upon her bosom (Hawthorne 49). The scarlet lette r is what isolates her from everyone else because it symbolizes sin. Hester is in her very own sphere, a world of her own where her sin effects her livelihood and has completely isolated her from the world. Her entrance into the sphere marks the origin of her guilt, it occurs when she is in the prison after her first exposure to the crowd-her moral agony reflected in the convolutions that have seized the child her disdain, her daring (Bloom 34). The prison marks the beginning of a new life for Hester, a life full of guilt and isolation. Her moral agony (Bloom 34), is her guilt that is slowly surfacing while she faces the crowd realizing that she has been stripped of her pride and everything that was important to her in the past. The lasting effect of Hesters sin is the guilt that she now embodies due to her commiting adultery. The guilt that is associated with Hesters sin remains with her as an everlasting reminder of her disgustful actions (Bloom 34). Guilt is a consequence of s in that Hester has to endure throughout her life. Hesters guilt begins starts to have a profound effect on her life and thinking.   Hesters guilt has ferment very influential in her life making her unable to express herself freely. Hester Prynne might have repaid them all with a bitter and disdainful smile. But under the leaden infliction which it was her doom to endure, she felt at moments as if she must needs (to) shriek (Hawthorne 52-53).

The Remarkable Ayn Rand :: Biography Biographies Essays

The Remarkable Ayn Rand If a life can have a theme song - and I believe that every worthwhile one has - mine is best expressed in one word Individualism. (qtd. in ARI) This quote from Ayn Rand can be applied to everything she did or thought during her life. Born in St. Petersburg, Russia on February 2, 1905, Rand felt out of place in her native country. She didnt agree with the prevailing ideas of mysticism and collectivism that formed the Russian government and society. So at age 21, in 1926, she sailed to the United States. It was in the US that Ayn Rand made a name for herself, and began a new philosophy that would affect people around the world. Rand knew at age nine that she wanted to become a fiction writer. What she didnt know was that her name would soon be known across the United States, as wellhead as Europe, for her controversial novels. Her first novel, We the Living, was published in 1936. But it wasnt until 1945, with the arrival of The Fountainhead, tha t she won international fame. Rand had established a reputation as a knowing novelist and philosopher by the time Atlas Shrugged was first printed in 1957. This work is considered by some to be her greatest achievement an intellectual mystery story incorporate ethics, metaphysics, epistemology, politics, economics, and sex. It also formulated a philosophy for living on earth (qtd. in ARI), sometimes referred to as objectivism. When she died on March 6, 1982 in her New York city apartment, she had sold over 20 million books. Although Ayn Rand is known mostly for her writing, her career in the United States began in the film industry. She left her relatives home in gelt to pursue a career as a screenwriter in Hollywood. On her second day in the city, she was standing on a recession and was offered a ride by Cecil B. DeMille, a director. He brought her to the set of his current film, The King of Kings, and gave her a job as an extra. It was here, a week later, that she met actor frump OConnor, whom she married in 1929. And although they were married for 50 years, Rand also had an 18 year relationship with Nathaniel Branden.

The Remarkable Ayn Rand :: Biography Biographies Essays

The Remarkable Ayn Rand If a life can have a theme song - and I believe that every(prenominal) worthwhile one has - mine is best expressed in one word Individualism. (qtd. in ARI) This quote from Ayn Rand can be applied to everything she did or thought during her life. born(p) in St. Petersburg, Russia on February 2, 1905, Rand felt out of place in her native country. She didnt agree with the prevailing ideas of mysticism and collectivism that formed the Russian government and society. So at age 21, in 1926, she sailed to the United States. It was in the US that Ayn Rand made a name for herself, and began a new philosophy that would affect people or so the world. Rand knew at age nine that she wanted to become a fiction writer. What she didnt know was that her name would soon be known across the United States, as well as Europe, for her controversial novels. Her first novel, We the Living, was published in 1936. But it wasnt until 1945, with the arrival of The Fount ainhead, that she won international fame. Rand had established a reputation as a talented novelist and philosopher by the time Atlas Shrugged was first printed in 1957. This work is considered by some to be her greatest achievement an intellectual mystery score integrating ethics, metaphysics, epistemology, politics, economics, and sex. It also formulated a philosophy for living on earth (qtd. in ARI), sometimes referred to as objectivism. When she died on March 6, 1982 in her impertinent York City apartment, she had sold over 20 million books. Although Ayn Rand is known mostly for her writing, her career in the United States began in the film industry. She left her relatives home in Chicago to pursue a career as a screenwriter in Hollywood. On her second day in the city, she was standing on a corner and was offered a ride by Cecil B. DeMille, a director. He brought her to the set of his current film, The King of Kings, and gave her a job as an extra. It was here, a week later, that she met mover Frank OConnor, whom she married in 1929. And although they were married for 50 years, Rand also had an 18 year relationship with Nathaniel Branden.

Nathaniel Hawthorne-Gothic Elements

Nathaniel Hawthorne uses gothic elements in his stories a great deal. The story it stuck out to me the most in was Young Goodman embrown. The main things in the story that make the gothic elements stick out to me are some of the settings, and characters, and events that happen within the story. This whole story is crawling with gothic elements, some very obvious and others not so much. The story starts of in the late 16th early 17th century in Salem Massachusetts. This is the time during the Salem witch trials. This was probably, not the lift out time to be in Salem if I had to guess.The story starts of sunny, not so gloomy but suddenly gets that way as soon as Goodman Brown leaves his wife Faith on his errand in the woods. Anything at dusk will have that gloomy eerie filling, but woods have that myopic something extra that makes them extra eerie. He had taken a dreary road, darkened by all the gloomiest trees of the forest, which barely stood aside to let the narrow path recoil through, and closed immediately. (Perkins 449) The imagery that pops up in your head when you read this is not the only thing I get out of this sentence a fine creepy.The word usage is what really gets me. Hawthornes use of run-in was just amazing. The way he made you scent, you could tell it was not anywhere you would want to be. The words dreary, gloomiest and creep just gives you the chills. Once Goodman Brown is in the woods the setting only gets more gloomy and dreary. Another really singular scene is when Goodman Brown can see the bright sky, and then all of a sudden a big drab cloud forms right over Browns head. Everywhere else he could see the Blue Sky (Prekins 453) except over him. Is that not creepy or what?The book calls the dark cloud a black mass of cloud. (Perkins 453) This is when all the dark things happen. almost of the characters in Young Goodman Brown that have a gothic since to them are very obvious. The Devil is an example of hotshot that to me was a l ittle tricky at first. This part of the story threw me. It took me reading it for the second time to actually figure out that was the devil was the gentleman that Goodman met in the woods the whole time. After sitting back and actually thinking about it, its quite obvious that this man is in fact the devil.The strange thing that I found about the devil is he was about the same age as Goodman Brown and favored him in expression more than features. (Perkins 449) So he was not at all what you think the devil would appear like. The one thing that did make since that was dark about the man, was his walking stick. His staff, which eager the likeness of a great black snake, so curiously wrought that it might almost be seen to twist and wriggle itself like a cognize serpent. (Perkins 449) This was the dark thing that should have warned Goodman about the man.Goodman Brown is another one that is a little off. Though you do not see it in the tooth root of the story, you do more toward the end. Goodman seems like a god Christian fellow, especially when he says, With heaven above and Faith below, I will yet single-foot firm against the devil. (Perkins 453) This is when the cloud talked about earlier appears and Goodman soon after loses his faith. One thing that caught my eye about Goodman Brown and why I thought he was somewhat corrupted is when he goes up to the altar. He tries fighting it the whole time, but eventually gives in.The elements in the story Young Goodman Brown that has the gothic feel to them are somewhat obvious, and the reason why he uses these elements. The reason Hawthorne uses Gothicism is to submit that there can be evil in everyone. The devil can show up anywhere. Goodman Brown found this out the hard way, he also found out sometimes you truly do not know someone. Some people can surprise you, and not be who you think they are. This is the biggest thing I got out of this story. Works Cited Perkins, George and Barbara. The American Tradition in Literature. forward-looking York, New York mcGraw-Hill, 2009.

Why does the world exist

All throughout our lives we are told to dream. We know that dreams dont necessarily reflect populace, but they serve as a powerful source of inspiration which can sometimes get out us to change our realities. The reason why dreams are so important to us is because they allow us to experience situations that are beyond what could occur in real life. But how can we be sure that our thoughts and dreams dont directly influence reality? Or that reality, as we comm lone(prenominal) understand it, isnt real?The answers to these questions are mind-bogglingly complex as they challenge us to magine concepts that should be impossible to comprehend by entities inhabiting our combination of ternary spatial dimensions and one temporal dimension. The resultant ontological argumentation can be generally grouped into realist and anti-realist positions. Realism is the philosophical school of thought that suggests the population of an objective reality with which we communally interact.Within pra gmatism there are different perspectives that can be argued that deal with varying degrees of correlation between our perception of reality and the true objective form of reality. These different branches of realism stem from different fundamental beliefs egarding the nature of this relationship. So-called naive realism , also known as direct realism, is the belief that our superstars accurately detect mind-independent reality therefore our perceptions of reality correlate directly with the form of the objective reality.Another form of realism known as scientific realism takes a different approach by assuming that the universe exists in a way that can be described by science (the ability to describe an object through science verifies its humankind) and that scientific objects and knowledge exist independently of the mind. On the opposite side of the spectrum we have anti-realism which challenges the existence of an objective existence or reality. Ann-realists with respect to objec tive reality hold the belief that a mind-independent world does not exist and everything we experience or see is simply a shape of our subjective consciousness.Having been born into an era where technology reigns king, it could be said that Im predisposed to siding with scientific realism, as the manner by which I Judge a theorys validity is inevitably linked to scientific methods (probability, etc.. ). The igitalization of the world has resulted in a generation that places great faith in poesy and causality, where for an answer or explanation to be considered correct it requires causal proof.Computers have shown that everything can be deconstructed into mathematics, and as such it is easy to assume that because something can be defined by science, that the scientific definition is the correct definition. For example a living creature can be expressed as a serial of functions describing its size, shape and even personality, but this does not mean that the living creature is simp ly a construct of numbers. At a glance, scientific realism seems rough to refute. Explanations are derived from logical reasoning processes that seek to demonstrate causality.In the world of science, everything is bound by universal rules and laws that are consistent. Unfortunately, this is also where the argument breaks down for me. Scientific realism relies on the assumption that science is objective and can accurately represent true reality, however the validity scientific question as a mind-independent construct is not guaranteed. Science tells us that our conscience is a product of physical processes. Assuming that science is orrect, this would necessitate a pre-existing physical construct or at least the genetic coding for a construct from which we produce our theories.Essentially we would be limited to making discoveries within a predefined scheme, meaning scientific inquiry is a biased mechanics of measuring reality since the method of discovery is restricted to what our b rain is capable of processing. Thus, theories that are scientifically correct force us to reject the notion of the absolute validity of science. When compared with scientific realism, naive realisms foundation in the human senses seems like an oversimplification stemming from hubris. The fundamental assumption of naive realism is that reality exists for humanity.This is not explicitly stated in a description of direct realism philosophy, but the argument that humans see the world just now as it is almost implies that reality was created for our experience. It is no secret that humans have limited abilities through which to perceive the world. First of all, we rely on only vanadium major sensory mechanisms (seeing, hearing, touching, smelling, tasting). And of these five mechanisms, in comparison to other species, human sensory abilities are extremely poor.The mechanism we rely on the most is our sense of sight. However, not only are humans confronted with ocular issues such as mac ular degeneration or cataracts, but even if our eyes were to be completely slack of defect, we would still be limited to seeing the world through the detection of visible light (a tiny range of frequencies in the electromagnetic spectrum). Notice that the said(prenominal) limitations deal strictly with the mechanisms of the eyeball itself and do not include issues that can arise from errors mental processing.The more we delve into the limitations of our perception, the more credence I conceding to the idea of a world that exists very ifferently from the way we believe it to, which would have to be defined through a higher, more objective mechanism than our senses alone. I acknowledge that my line of reasoning in dismissing naive realism is flawed as the underlying assumption deals with the improbability that the error-prone human configuration could sufficiently detect a large enough portion of true reality to be considered a viable explanation.The concept of nothing existing is punishing to ponder as we have no foundation from which to base a mental picture. Normally when trying to imagine nothingness, the ind tends to begin with blackness since blackness (the absence of light) is generally how we think of emptiness or nothingness. Unfortunately we generally run into the same issue as when trying to picture the concept of infinity where we can only envision more, rather than absolute infinity.Though our assumption of the color of nothingness does not directly imply that our reasoning near the form of nothingness is flawed, the fact that we envision nothing as black belies the correlational bias from which we are founding our notions. The anti-real position suggesting that only our consciousness exists is made all the more ticklish to ontemplate due to the inability to picture nothingness as it prevents us from being able to use relative reasoning (there is no benchmark to relate to).For this reason, arguments about the form of non-existence are more easily substantiated by logical means. In Jim Holts book Why does the World Exist? , he refers to the question, Why is there Somethin g? Ratner than Nothing? and then describes the theories or explanations for why there might actually be Nothing, rather than Something. He does an extensive Job explaining the different ways of conceptualizing Nothing, and it s from these explanations that I came up with my own pro-ex nihilo theory.While I still contend that all theories regarding genesis are impossible to definitely prove, I propose that we are in a constant state of Nothingness, but the form of Nothingness which we experience is Something (reality). For this to be possible, our Something would either have to be Nothing already, or be in a form that is reducible to Nothing. Similar to the Infinite Parallel Universes theory, I am drawn to arguments where Something and Nothing exist simultaneously, as this eliminates entire fields of debate as to whether Something or Nothing came firs t.

To Kill a Mockingbird Theme Essay

Courage is shown within the characters of To Kill A Mockingbird in several situations. The characters argon challenged to face danger or pain with protrude fear. The endurance they display gives them strength and deepens their self-understanding as the novel progresses. Early in the novel, Scout illustrates the courage she demonstrates. On her first of all day of school, Scout acts as an advocate for the entire class. She takes the duty of informing Miss. Caroline of Walter Cunninghams situation. Miss. Caroline had just scolded Scout for her ability to read, however, Scout still feels the classes train for leadership.Most children at her age would fear speaking to the teacher is such a fearless fashion. Walter Cunningham, himself, was shy and fearful of speaking to the teacher. Scout overcame the fears that haunted the remainder of the class, and acted out of Walters best interest. Her courage spoke in Walters absence, and inability to express his situation. A good representation of courage is seen within genus genus Atticus. Throughout To Kill A Mockingbird, Atticus speaks of the Tom Robinson trial as a trial all lawyers fear. He must face a court case that will have a deep personal effect upon himself and his family.Atticus calls the courage to recognize that there is a need for justice, and that it is his duty to achieve this. Maycomb is a town corrupted with stereotypes and racism. Atticus has the courage to overcome the fear of other peoples dislikes. He must face the fear of weakening the lives of his two young children and family name. The courage Atticus shows comes from his pleasing character. Atticus is employ and unable to turn his back on those who truly rely upon his ability to show empathy. He overcomes the heartless comments of those around them, to see the necessity of his involvement.Courage within Atticus is non only in his professional life, but also shown in his family life. It is hard for Atticus to raise his children without a wife, a nd to face the constant family ridicule. At one and only(a) point, I was convinced Atticus had lost his courage, and had broken down to Aunt Alexandras opinions. However, as the scene progresses, I saw the courage of Atticus and his decision to excerpt the false statements made to his children. A single father, he does non look to others to gather his parenting skills. Atticus has the courage to do what is morally right, and to allow Scout and Jem to be themselves.The largest example of courage is displayed within the life of Mrs. Dubose. She was a sick, old woman, waiting for death . However, she had one more goal to achieve before her life came to an end. She wished to reposition herself of a morphine addiction. Mrs. Dubose displayed courage in a situation where most people would just surrender to the drug. She was also courageous in the secrecy in how she covered up her addiction in. No one was aware that the drug caused her to be mean. She chose not to burden anyone with her problems. Mrs.Dubose did not fear death, but challenged death through her perseverance to leave this world free of addiction. It was only after Mrs. Duboses passing did the people she affected become aware of her courage. She surprised those around her, who found it uttermost too easy to pass her off as a sick, old lady. She remained strong in spirit and belief. Throughout the novel, Atticus defines courage as kind of of getting the idea that courage is a man with a gun in his hand. Its when you know youre licked before you begin but you begin at least and you see it through no matter what. You rarely win, but sometimes you do. (112).Within all the examples of courage there is not a situation when the courage did not stem from a need within the character. Courage is the inner desire to succeed and to do what is righteous, no matter what humiliation or consequences that haunt you because of your decision. Scout, Atticus, and Mrs. Dubose still the risks they faced, but continu ed with their actions because it was moral. They didnt all enter their personal situation expecting to win. Scout still faced further scolding from Miss. Caroline. There were winners and losers but they do not regret the courage they showed for the sake of good intentions.

Person centred approaches Essay

Implement someone centred approaches in health and cordial cathexis1.1 Define soul-centred values.1.2 Explain why it is important to work in away that embeds person centred values.The underlying purpose of Person-centred values is to ensure that the individual needing care is placed at the very centre of the decision making process most their life, the work and support they want and need.Therefore, under this strict system, the person is constantly placed at the very centre of the planning of the care programme required, in that he or she will always be consulted and that his or her views will always inject first. Therefore the plan is tailor-made to that particular person, and it should include all aspects of care, from the kindly and Health Services, from that individuals family and from the voluntary sector.This is the current policy and it applies to those people with learning disabilities, mental health problems, and physical disabilities, to older people who need suppo rt, and to small people making their transition to adulthood.To place the person at the centre certain values must be upheld Individuality (everyones differences must be recognised and respected), Choice (for individuals to be able to mystify own choices and be in control of own life), Privacy (information and activities must be kept confidential), independence (empowering individuals to do activities for themselves) and dignity (be treated in a respectful way).It is vital for the social care worker to work using these precise methods to establish the needfully and wishes of the individual. This will overly mean that individuals will impression empowered and in control of their lives, be more confident about making decisions, will flavour valued and respected.1.3 Explain why risk taking can be part of a person centred approach.The person centred approach to risk includes making an judgment with the people involved in the plan such as the individual, their relatives and other professionals. Risk taking is part of a person-centred approach as this empowers individuals to have choices about what they want to do in their lives as comfortably as to be part of their community. Not allowing individuals to take risks can have a negative relate on an individuals life to not live it as they wish.1.4 Explain how using an individuals care plan contributes to working in a person centred way.To be person-centred the person must always be at the centre of their care plan. This means that individuals must always to be consulted and their views must always come first. Therefore, no two care plans are alike because each individual is different from another. Each individual should be involved at every phase angle of their care plan from deciding who to involve, how to meet the individuals needs, the support required and how to feedback on how the care plan is working.3.1 Explain the importance of establishing consent when providing care and support. 3.3 Explain what s teps to take if consent cannot be readily established.It is always very important to establish the consent of the individual when providing any care or support programme or procedure. This is essential so as to include that individual with any decision-making, in order to ensure that they do not feel left out, ignored in this way they can understand and agree to that element of their care or support.I would discuss the problem, that consent cannot be established, with the executive program or manager of the home, and, if necessary, the individuals doctor and advocate. I would also realize a record of this, which I would sign and date.4.1 Describe how active employment benefits an individual. 4.2 Identify possible barriers to active participation.Active participation benefits the individual because that person is always made to feel that he or she is continually important, and that things are through with(p) for their benefit, with their consent. This ensures a positive approach for the individual that makes them an active part of how they choose to live and puts them first as the focus.Barriers can take several forms the emotions, the disabilities, and the attitudes of the individual concerned, any or all of which can deter active participation by that individual in any activity or action. Similarly barriers exist if social care workers attitudes and approaches do not value active participation, strict routines and lack of training on using the active participation approach can also be barriers.5.3 Explain why a workers personal views should not influence an individuals choices.The care workers personal views may intumesce simply territory things out for the individual being cared for, because the worker might take a subjective position rather than looking to find creative solutions for that individual. Such a stance could prevent the individual from making informed choices about their care. Therefore, personal views should never influence the choices of any individual as this also goes against their rights and can make an individual feel pressurised to agree.5.4 Describe how to support an individual to question or challenge decisions concerning them that are made by others.When others make decisions for the individual, the care worker should run out to the individual to ask that person whether he or she understands what has been decided for them. Once the individual understands those decisions, he or she should be encouraged to state whether they agree with them. If not, accordingly that individual should be enabled to question and challenge them eitherthemselves, through the social care worker or an advocate.6.1 Explain how individual identity and self gaze are linked with well being. 6.2 Describe attitudes and approaches that are likely too promote an individuals well being.Maintaining an individuals identity is done by always recognising that person as a human being, not a number identity is who the person is. Ensuring th at the individual IS important and that their views and concerns are always dealt with in a positive and caring manner will always ensure that person is valued and has a high self-esteem. All this will contribute to their sense of well being.By always ensuring that the individual is treated in a professional, kind, caring and courteous way, their sense of well-being is always assured. Care workers can also make sure that they use a number of different approaches empowering approaches that enable the individual to take control, a positive approach that encourages the individual to feel good, working in a trusting and professional way enables a good relationship to build between the care worker and individual and promoting a sense of well being.

Fundamental of portfolio management

The law risk premium is the excess return craved by investors to compensate risks of holding a personal line of credit rather than holding a risk free plus. Jason ,2011) Under the Capital Asset Pricing model , risk free investments involve borrow and lending among investors and borrowing positions offset by lending positions, thitherfore let Y = and representative investors risk aversion be . (Bodied, Kane and Marcus, 2011). We rearrange this equation , indicating the justice risk premium is influenced by average risk aversion and variance of the market portfolio.Its obvious that when risk aversion of investors and variance of market portfolio add-on the equity risk premium will goes up, and vice-versa. There are many empirical evidences show that during the Global Financial Crisis the volatilities of market increase, for char coiffureer Chewer (AAA) dedicate recognized the increase of volatilities in stock markets during financial crisis. Besides, according to the look into of Steven, Michael and Bob (2011) derived from trades in options on the S&P/ASX 200 index showed that the implied volatility climb up during the SGF and reach the peak in 2009.The increase of stock market volatilities not only represent the increase of risks (Karol 2011 and Brooks 2001) but also have damaging relationship with risk aversion. (Chewer 1989 and Carney 2000). There are some events good deal be summarized in mention of an increase in risk aversion, for example after the Lehman Brothers bankruptcy in September 2008 the stock market scathe hardly dropped and the bank lending dramatically decreased, consistent with this there was a overshooting of risk aversion. Paolo, John and Chairs,2011) In conclusion, during the SGF both average risk aversion and risks of market increased, therefore the equity risk premium went up. Part D The avidness in the distribution of returns has became all grave(predicate) in summation pricing because the traditional mean-variance measu rement cannot fully characterize return behaviors (Samuelsson 1970,Campbell and Hence 1992Circler and Huber 2007).This report will discusses the importance of discernment in returns in asset pricing with he respects of investors preference for appointed keenness and aversion to negative keenness, which asset pricing factors may be a representative for keenness, the distinction between keenness and co-keenness in returns, and some researches include behavioral finance researches will be endured. What is keenness and why its important Keenness is a measure of the asymmetry of opportunity distribution around its mean.Positive keenness has more probability distribution towards positive value, period negative keenness has more probability distribution towards negative value. The skewed distribution of asset returns was first point out by Dominant(1985), and it caused by the asymmetrical play offions of investors to goods news and bad news from companies. Chem.., Hong and stein (2 001) argued that there was another reason The main reason for the increasing importance of keenness in returns is that the unrealistic assumptions of traditional mean-variance framework.The mean-variance measurement assumes the returns are normally give and quadratic preference, however it rarely happened in real word, therefore the insemination of expect returns and risks may exhibit. According to the finding of Roll(1977) and Ross( 1977) that the portfolio used as a market proxy is inefficient, the Sharpers CAMP have been suggested as invalid. Its also supported by Bernard and Allotted(2000) that the (unadjusted) mean-variance measurement Sharpe ratio can lead misleading conclusions.For overcoming this bias Parkas and Bear (1986) and Leland (1999) have positive performance measure incorporating keenness. Besides, Harvey and Suicide (2002) and Krause and Litterbug (1976) have recognized the importance of keenness that systematic keenness and stopal keenness are important to asse t pricing since hey characterize the true distribution of asset returns. Furthermore, in traditional mean-variance framework such as Capital Asset Pricing Model there is only a single efficiency risky asset portfolio.While accounting for the mean-variance-keenness in returns, there are multiple efficient portfolios, which could be considered to provide variegation portfolios. (Harvey and Suicide,2000) Investors preference for positive keenness and aversion to negative keenness The positive skewed distribution has a longer tail on the higher-return side of the curve, while the negative skewed distribution has a longer tail in the lower-return did.The asset with negative skewed returns distribution has greater risks that the returns will decrease than what the banner deviation measures, and for positive skewed distribution there are fewer risks the returns will decrease (Mini, 2011) Theoretically, investors have preference toward positive keenness and aversion toward negative keennes s, since increasing positive keenness will decrease possibility of large negative rate of returns.There are many literally evidences show the preference of positive keenness, for example in 1967 Aridity presented that rational investors with reasonable utility functions should prefer positive keenness in the distribution of investment returns. Following Aridity (1976),Chinchilla et al. (1997) and Parkas et al. (2003) have recognized investors preference for positive keenness as well. Whats more, investors show their preference toward positive keenness in gambling, lotteries and entrepreneurship (Thomas, Jose and LU-Santos, 2009).Nevertheless, some investors exhibit preference for negative keenness in real life, here investor is not only represent individual but also economic agent. Prefer repertory investment is a an example of negative keenness preference, which with reasonable average yields but a small chance of heavy losses, to the opportunity of recouping the original cost(Make r, Nicholas, Dominic and Raymond addition, economic agents facing a catamenia of stochastic monetary payoffs will show preference for negative keenness (Nazism, 2004).This also supported by Richard economic agents may prefer negative keenness under some certain conditions (Richard, 2010). From the research of Harvey and Suicide (2000) we can know that negative keenness receive higher return. In their research they assumed investors require payment for negative keenness, and excess returns could be result from the market inefficiency. The higher return of negative keenness may be a reason that in some circumstance investor will prefer negative keenness.Although investors expect the returns of asset exhibit positive skewed distribution, commonly the returns are negatively skewed distribution, since investors react to good news and bad news from corporations asymmetrically. Its explained by Dominant (1985) who first pointed out the skewed distribution of asset returns, and he reposed that the increase of stock price caused by good news is to some extent offset by the increase in the risk premium, which is required by higher volatility.For the decreased stock price caused by bad news is amplified further by the increased in the risk premium. Which asset pricing factors may act as a proxy for keenness The traditional mean-variance CAMP use beta to measure the systematic risks, and there are lots of studies suggest that the beta cant fully entrance the systematic risks. Ban (1981) suggested market capitalization ,and Fame and French (1992) proposed kook- to-market ratio have relationship with the cross-sectional of stock returns(Chi- Hoist ,2006).There are many debates roughly whether asset pricing factors such as size and book-to market ratio may be acting as a proxy for keenness. The SMB factor measures the spread in asset returns between small and large size firms, and the HIM factor measures the spread asset returns between high book-to-market ratio and low book-to-market ration assets. In the research of Harvey and Suicide(2000) they found that when adding keenness alone or Jointly with HIM and SMB to portfolios had similar results, therefore they lamed that book market ratio (HIM) and size (SMB) factors can be act as a proxy for keenness.Recently, Chunk Johnson and Shill (2007) also proposed that SMB and HIM are proxies for higher-order moments, and the Fame and French factors could be superior. However, there were some probabilities of errors in variables in their research. Conversely, Smith (2007) applied the condition three-model factor, which was proposed by Harvey and Suicide (2000), he argued that there was little impact on the price of market beta after adding the size(SMB) and the book-to-market(HIM) actors when the conditional keenness has already include in the model.The study of Jail(2004) showed that the conditional keenness plays an important role in stock market (HIM) factors. Even though there are many arguments about the extent those SMB and HIM assets pricing factors act as a proxy for keenness, as least from the studies of Chunk Johnson and Shill (2007) and Jail (2004) we can conclude that the SMB and HIM those non-market factors cant completely act as a proxy for keenness.Distinction between keenness and co-keenness in returns Keenness is a measure of the asymmetry of probability distribution around its mean or a single asset, while co-keenness measures the symmetry of a variables probability distribution in relation to another variables probability distribution symmetry, which provide estimation of risks of assets attach to market risks. Theoretically, investors show their preference towards positive conciseness that present the asset has higher possibility of extreme positive returns than market returns.Thus, jocoseness also plays an important role in asset pricing, and there are many studies support it. The studies of Harvey and Suicides (2000), Smith (2005) and Errand and Sys (2005) prov ided evidence that the conditional jocoseness can help explain the cross-section of stock returns. Baron-Ideas (1985) and Limit (1989) suggested the pricing of jocoseness. Moreover, jocoseness extends capital asset pricing theory to some extent.The study by Krause and Litterbug provided the evidence that jocoseness can be regarded as a supplement to the covariance measurement of risks in explaining the returns on individual NYSE stocks and in the process to interpret the other discrepancies between returns, and the returns when undertake the NYSE stocks on the whole. Conclusion In conclusion, keenness in returns plays an important role in asset pricing, and there are many researches can provide evidence for it. For example, the studies conducted by Campbell and Hence (1992) and Harvey and Suicide (2000).

Mount St. Helens

Geographic Facts and OverviewElevation 8, 635 feet (2,550 m)Prominence 4, 605 feet (1,404 m)Coordinates 461200.17N, 1221121.13WAge of rock 40,000 yearsEasiest approaching southern slope get on St. Helens is an active strato release in Skamania County, Washington, in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. It is located 96 miles south of the city of Seattle and 53 miles northeast of Portland, Oregon. pot St. Helens takes its name from the British diplomat Lord St Helens, a friend of George Vancouver, who did a survey of this place in the late 1800s.The mountain can be shew in the Cascade Range and is part the Cascade Volcanic Arc, a segment of the Pacific Ring of Fire that includes over 160 active volcanoes ( take in St. Helens). This volcano is quite well k this instantn for its ash explosions and pyroclastic flows. It is located 45 miles west of arise Adams, in the western part of the Cascade Range. These volcanic mountains are individually approximately 50 miles f rom Mount Rainier, the highest of Cascade volcanoes. Mount Hood, the nearest major volcanic peak in Oregon, is 60 miles (95 km) southeast of Mount St. Helens. (Mount St. Helens)Mount St. Helens is quite wise-fashi mavind compared to the other well-known Cascade volcanoes (Mount St. Helens). It only formed within the last 40,000 years, and the summit cone ( originally the 1980 eruption) began rising around 2000 years ago. The volcano is still considered the n early on active in the Cascades within the last 10,000 or so years, according to the Mount St. Helens report in Wikipedia.Mount St. Helens Eruptive HistoryThe early eruptive stages of Mount St. Helens are known as the Ape Canyon microscope stage (around 4035,000 years ago), the Cougar Stage (ca. 2018,000 years ago), and the Swift Creek Stage (roughly 138,000 years ago).The modern period, since about 2500 BC, is called the Spirit Lake Stage. (Mount St. Helens) Collectively, the pre-Spirit Lake Stages are known as the ancestra l stages (Mount St. Helens).The Eruption of May 18, 1980Mount St. Helens erupts maybe around erst each century. After lying asleep for 123 years, Mount St. Helens again spewed steam and ash on March 27, 1980 a prelude that put geologists on alert. only what happened on the18th of May, 1980, went beyond what anyone had envisioned. According to Mount Saint Helens History report, a 5.1 magnitude earthquake from inside the volcano triggered the destruction of its north flank, letting trim the largest landslide in recorded history and a volcanic eruption equal in power to 500 atom bombs (History). As much as a cubic mile of volcanic material shot upward and sideways.The blast traveled at more than 300 miles per hour with temperatures in unembellished of 600 degrees F, destroying 230 square miles of forest (History). Within seconds, the trunks of thousands of 150-foot-tall old-growth Douglas firs snapped like toothpicks. Ash rained galvanic pile over 22,000 square miles, blew more t han 12 miles into the atmosphere and circled the globe in 17 days (History). When the ash finally cleared up, the mountain was reduced by 1,313 feet (History). Although the Forest Service and local authorities had worked hard to keep people away, 57 were killed. Rocks, snow and ice roared down the mountain at enormous speeds (sometimes reaching more than 100 miles per hour). Most large animals on the volcano, like mountain goats, minatory bears, and thousands of elk and deer (even most fish, amphibians, insects and birds), died. (History)Mount St. Helens before the EruptionBefore the eruption of 1980, Mount St. Helens formed an almost perfectly conical, youthful volcano that sometimes was known as the fuji cherry of America (Eruptive History). According to Volcano Worlds Eruptive History page, during the 1980 eruption, however, the upper 400 m of the summit was removed by a slope avalanche, leaving a 2 x 3.5 km horseshoe-shaped crater now partially filled by a lava dome.The eruptio n of Mount St. Helens in 1980 changed the touch environment. Before the eruption, the areas around the mountain were known for its natural beauty. The Spirit Lake basin was said to be coated with ancient trees. The tree rings of these huge 800 year-old trees channelize evidence of eruptions that date back before the time of the Europeans arrival in the Americas (Biologic History).A few research sites existed before 1980 and they showed a healthy, vigorous forest, growing on the productive volcanic soils typical of the Pacific Northwest (Biologic History). Under the dense canopy, huckleberries, ferns, and mosses grew. A wide variety of animals lived here. Above Spirit Lake, the alpine meadows on the mountain were slowly being overtaken by trees (Biologic History). The alpine meadows supported a wide variety of wildflowers and gnarled trees. Mountain goats were transplanted from the Olympic Peninsula. They were well known for their aggressive ways.Sometimes they butted hikers right down the mountain (Biologic History). When people remember Spirit Lake, they always mention how clear it was (Biologic History). Fed by snow and glacial melt, the lakes temperature was normally below 55 degrees Fahrenheit(postnominal) year round (Biologic History). The many types of microscopic plants and animals that fish eat did not do well in this cold water. Because of this, the fish that were stocked never managed to induce a self-sustaining population (Biologic History). Some people will tell you that Spirit Lake was overflowing with fish. However, catch records indicate that it was just average for the Northwest. Those who visited Mount St. Helens before 1980, were always impressed by its natural beauty. (Biologic History)Mount St. Helens NowAs amazingly destructive as it was, the May 18, 1980 eruption is just one of many events in the history of Mount St. Helens. Considering the 27 years and renewed volcanic activity, it is surprising to see how Mount St. Helens continuall y changes. The past 27 or so years have been characterized by a rebirth. Within the crater, a new lava dome began rising in 1986, rebuilding the mountain (History). A new glacier has established itself on the crater floor. And since early October 2004, a second lava dome has grown at a rate as high as a dump-truck load in volume every second.At this rate, scientists estimate Mount St. Helens could return to its height before the 1980 eruption of 9,677 feet in less than 200 years less than a blink of the eye in geologic time (History). Remarkably, plant and animal life has revived itself faster than was expected. Beetles were among the earliest animals to return and over 300 kinds now flourish (History). Lupines, members of the pea family, were among the first-year plants to grow in the deep deposits of volcanic ash.Scientists learned that lupines drive ecological recovery by creating islands of rich nutrients that promote establishment of other plant species (History). Millions of new trees and animal species have also returned to the areas that most of them left in 1980. Mount St. Helens is back to being a living playground. According to the Mount St. Helens Institute, it has become one of the mostremarkable areas of geological and ecological disturbance and restoration in the world. This country has learned a lot from what happened 27, or so, years ago. We are now better prepared to face another eruption (to avoid the casualties of 1980), and scientists, our other learned friends in different fields of study, and the general public, are coming to bonk the remarkable volcano that is Mount St. Helens.The Current EruptionsMount St. Helens came alive again in the fall of 2004 and has continually been erupting. Plenty of news crews and visitors from around the globe have surged to the volcano. Mount St. Helens has returned to its former grandeur and is now a leading recreational area, with more than 500,000 visitors a year.W O R K S C I T E DMount St. Helens. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 22 Apr 2007, 1946 UTC. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 24 Apr 2007 https//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mount_St._Helensoldid=124937639

Ethical Compensation

Employees expect companies to stick to certain standards that represent uninfectedness ( hire Dilemmas An make out In Ethical Decision-Making 1995). Early efforts of economic spots have studied compensation systems over the years. The all-encompassing view at the time was that the outflank possible compensation systems met the fair days wage for a fair days work criteria. The key for managers and others who design pay systems Is to ensure that pay accurately reflected the economic apprise added to the firm by a worker.This is where fairness is expressed only in economic terms. Since that time concern scholars have developed a much richer understanding of what fairness means to employees and how views of fairness affect their attitudes and behaviors. Compensation systems also play Important social and representational regions in organizations and through these roles pay systems affect a variety of Important outcomes such as the nature of employee commitment and executing and work relationships.Given the essential role that compensation systems play in employment relationships, it is also very likely hat they play an authorized role in shaping whether people feel they are treated with respect, trust, and dignity and whether they believe the determine and customs of the organization are worthy of their fullest commitment and highest efforts (Bloom, M. 2004). Could administrator compensation be redefined by performance management? When no performance measures are defined and documented for company executives, this places no accountability on the CEO to produce measurable results.On the other hand, if performance measures are defined, documented and accountability is laced on the CEO and is tied to compensation this could prove to be beneficial for all involved. While employees are give based on established Job classification systems, Coos however arbitrarily negotiate salaries where there Is no cap, but benefactor. The company is injured by way of a h armful image in the look of the industry. The consumers of the companys products or services are also hurt. The company whitethorn also experience retention problems and stockholders may suffer from financial loss.Also employees are left to deal with disappointment, bitterness and owe morale (Carter, C. 2009). Americans are fuming mature now. Pummel by the bind of a painful recession and furious over oversized executive compensation packages at the very Wall Street firms widely blamed for the economic chaos, they gradually surmise key establishments and individual leaders. Americans are angered at the financial services region. They believe that these institutions have set up the game so that top level executives are rewarded substantially tear down when they fail. Americans want action to set up fairness to the system and get pay back in line.The variety of experts and activists of political leaders and customary citizens, there is a belief that executive incentives have exa ggerated short-term performance, supported unnecessary risk-taking, and failed to chequer poor performance. Many believe that incentive plans have tempted some Coos to put personal financial interests in front of good stewardship that provides the long-term interests of their organizations (Ethics Resource Center, 2010). In recent years it has become common for corporate board of directors to recruit a star chief executive officer with an executive gap cage.The severance agreement becomes part of a contractual commitment that is often unrelated to the circumstances of the executives eventual firing. To refine matters, severance is often structured as deferred compensation for an executives earlier successes, before things would eventually fall apart. When a CEO is discredited they always argue that they were not overpaid at termination because the rise in allot price they achieved for stockholders during their tenure with the company. Companies should not make severance commitm ents when hiring executives.This will come back to haunt them. This bearing could make it difficult for firms trying to hire top talent. A CEO with ethics would be low when receiving an abundant severance after their decisions caused severe anguish to the employees and shareholders (Kipling, K. 2008). Addressing specific errors in compensation plans is critical and identifying the best metrics for measuring performance is part of the answer. Maybe creating an ethical organization is a critical set-back step that sets the stage for effective compensation plans.Ethical performance should be one of the metrics for determining restrainsensation. Many of the problems credited to failed compensation plans are really about ethical slip ups. Im not byword that executives intentionally engage in bad conduct. But it can mean that a lack of unceasing focus on ethics can induce bad behavior. This behavior can turn into rationalizing decisions without genuinely centering on the allegation s for the long-term well-being of the customers, its employees, shareholders and the company as a whole (Ethics Resource Center, 2010).Executive compensation is not illegal. However the actions of some Coos and executives can be ethically questionable. From the viewpoint of economic effectiveness, restructuring or even downsizing may be required in order to arrive at specific stock goals. Although, making the decision to eliminate Jobs while the CEO is overly compensated for providing inadequate performance is not only feeble make a incredible impact by educating board of directors on accountability in executive packages, compensation and incorporating strategic performance management initiativ

Onlinr registration Essay

Student breeding System (SIS) is a web-base application soft w ar designed to introduce a conducive and incorporate information. Exchange environment for integrating student, pargonnts, teachers and administration of school or college (Ajhay 8). On the contrary, Manual Registration heart that muckle are required or exploitation physical skills and energy and instituteed or by book and non by machine. The difference of these two kinds of enrolment are before information processing carcass technology is not yet popular then thats school or colleges are using manual(a)(a) registration.The students who afford in inscribement surgery, which is real in expedient, and hassle on the part of the student and of the enrollment staff as well. Here they need a lot of efforts to finish the steps that need to be forefathere in a particularized time. Steps are like filling up an application forms, falling in line passing it to a certain personnel and more. In addition, manual re gistration is time expendable and costly by means of transportation and other expenses. But now a daytimes, with modern technology, its makes students life simple in many fashions.In other college and university, like polytechnic University of the Philippines (PUP) they are already implementing this kind of scheme, for the easy and convenient of the student the system proffers for students the option register courses, without the consultants prior approval, offered by their colleges during the scheduled registration periods. In this, the students cannister modify their course selection by adding and for dropping courses. Background of the Study The purpose of the topic is to know what is more efficient, effective and convenient way on how student can enroll.In these days, time, effort and funds are such full of life things that have to be function very efficiently to have a satisfactory outcome whatever work is to be done. Many student encountered lots of problem on how to enroll in their school, they drive confuse on what is convenient when it comes in registration. Some race prepare manual than online registration because for their contrary reasons and vice versa. This search provide know which more is, likely to use of students community. The main reason of choosing this field of battle is to help our fellow students to choose what is the best way to be enrolled.Sub-reason is not to lose their time, effort and money in registering in their schools. We excessively come up to this idea because in Polytechnic University of the Philippines (PUP) students are undergoing in online registration unlike in our former schools, which uses the manual registration. Since we are freshmen of this school, we first encounter online registration and we are confused using online registration (SIS). This interrogation will help us and other students to know which is better, the manual or the online registration. This will also serve as our guide to choose which kind of system we will going to use in our next enrollment.Significance of the Study This research is important because it will provide convenience to the student who will undergo registration process. It will help them to choose which is the easiest way to enroll is and will also help them to decide which system of registration they will use. Statement of the Problem The research that we will conduct, will let us to find out what is most efficient, effective and convenient way to register by the students of Bachelor in Cooperatives, Polytechnic University of the Philippines of SY 2013-2014 This study will let us to the conclude to the following research questions.Manual Registration payoff and disadvantage 1. 1. Is it costly? 1. 2. Is it time bound? 1. 3. Is it favorable? 1. 4. Is it time consuming? 1. 5. Is it reliable? 2. Online Registration advantage and disadvantage 2. 1. Is it costly? 2. 2. Is it time bound? 2. 3. Is it getatable? 2. 4. Is it time consuming? 2. 5. It is reliable Scope and Limitation This study seeks which is moreefficient to use manual or online registration their advantages and disadvantages. Only 50 students from Bachelor in Cooperatives, Polytechnic University of the Philippines of SY 2013-2014 will involve.The study focused barely on manual and online registration system, which is more likely to use between the two. Not include the manual floozie and other online system. Definition of Terms Registration mass noun the action or of registering or of being registered (Oxford dictionary). Manual RegistrationMeans that people are faxing, mailing o phoning in their registration (Eply, 2010) Online RegistrationStudents allow through internet, to register, dropped or add courses in spite of appearance registration period and the adviser to do advising to the students by approving/reflecting roughly(prenominal) requested courses by the students by recommending (Ajman University).InternetAn electronic communications network that connects computer networks and organizational computer facilities around the world (Merriam Webster). Chapter 2 look back of Related Literature and Studies Local literature In other schools they are already implementing the online registration system for the ease and convenience of the students. However, some are belt up undergo in manual enrollment procedure which is very inconvenient and hassle on the part of the students, hence this is more easily to use because you dont need to use some modern technologies that some students dont have.(Butcon 9). These two has advantages and disadvantages. integrity is the generation of forms. The students needed to fill up four copies of registration form (copy for the student, accountant, registrar and dean). Students were consuming a lot of time in doing such. Since the students are manually filling-up the official documents of the school, data redundancy has a outstanding possibility in causing further complexity in the enrollment proce ss (Butcon 9). In the contrary, some colleges preferred online registration system because it is easier, accurate and organize when it keeping data.Tani says that Online registration is more convenient to use because it is easy and fast theyre also more accurate than you probably are, when it comes to mathematical natural calculations. Although manual registration is a waste of time, it is reliable and accessible because you are directly registered in a specific office. While in online registration, sometimes failure of connection occurred. Though modern technology arises some people dont have it yet so others need to go to the place where they can aid internet connection. unknown LiteratureThere are many advantages of the online system over the manual system. The manual system is tedious and it is more error prone in comparison to the online system. We can handle our work much efficiently with the online system and it helps to save our time and money. The popularity of the onlin e system is increasing day by day and most of the systems are being computerized nowadays. Now, you can buy your movie ticket through the online system, you neednt go to the several offices to pay your monthly utilities bill etc. You can just login into the system and pay straightway bills thus living the hassle free life.The online system is especially useful for getting information instantly. US department of Homeland and Security is using the online system to track the status of all the foreign student. Imagine, is it affirmable to know the status of millions of students if there is no such online system? Definitely answer is not. Another advantage of the online system is it is not as error prone as the manual system. When people need to do the same job then they usually make mistake, which causes the problem in information re cave ination.The online system avoids such error and makes the life easier. Our life will be really green when everything is done through computer and th ere is no paper work. (John 2010) Local Studies In past few years the Iloilo State College of Fisheries Barotac Nuevo Campus relies only on a manual Enrolment System which in return it was uneasy, inaccurate and unreliable to the interest group of the students and personnel involved. The lack of latest technology innovations specifically computers was one of the big reason why the proposed system was still on vision.Financial aspects is also a main concern why the institution still depend on a manual form of Enrolment System which has a great bear upon to a student and faculty in return specifically in Enrolment System (Pio 2013). During enrolment, it is undeniably noticeable on some problems and difficulties arising from each respective procedure, hence leading to minor errors and inaccuracy (Antony 2010). The technology at once plays a vital role in our society. It makes man work easier and fast. It lessens error of work by using machines. It reduces costs to an organization fro m paper works up to computerized working system.Many manual transactions can be computerized by using software applications or computer systems to make work easier and efficient (Eunice 2011). Foreign Studies On these days, time, effort and money are such vital things that have to be used very efficiently to have a satisfactory outcome whatever work is to be done and some colleges and universities give importance about it. In the past couple of decades, computers and technology revolutionized oneslow processes, redemptive industries time and money ways not previously possible (Anderson 30).Online registration was beginning to be recognise for its operation in assisting university administration (Chao 3). A better understanding of the online registration should boost faculty and students authorization in using computer technology (Chao 14). But it is not bad to back in the basic- the manual registration like we used to do hence use of online registration can help students exculpa te some key characteristics using online service simplicity, effectiveness, and convenience. Chapter 3 Research Methodology Research Design The research design was a descriptive method, particularly the vista.This method is use to know which is more efficient, effect and convenient to use, the manual registration or the online registration, by the students of Bachelor in Cooperatives in Polytechnic University of the Philippines (PUP), in the present day. Respondents The target respondents of the survey are 50 students from the Department of Cooperatives and Social Development, College of Social Science and Development, Polytechnic University of the Philippines (PUP), Sta. mesa Campus. This build of respondents are not too numerous but it enough to testify the research.Research cock The checklist structured survey, wherein the researchers prepared a list of questions that the respondents will check the level of their satisfaction according to their perception. The researchers also put a comment box, so the respondents can share their opinions about the topic assigned. Data- Gathering mathematical operation The data is gather form 50 students from the Department of Cooperatives and Social Development, College of Social Science and Development, Polytechnic University of the Philippines (PUP), who call into question by the researchers.The researchers conduct the survey test in the students of Bachelor in Cooperatives, in their free time. The survey paper that they answer is recorded by the researchers as a whole. Statistical Treatment All responses are tallied before the researchers put in the table for the statistical treatment. Percentage is use to express the data gathered for subproblems 1 and 2. The formula for the percentage is Wherep = percentage f = frequency N = total number of respondents

Opportunities Challenges Associated Ehealth Australia Health And Social Care Essay

The function of this paper is to measure and clout nail prohibited the chances and challenges associated with the use of e-health in Australia. The important alterations in plurality s life ardour in late old ages have raised legion desires to accomplish and limited clip to carry through them in a twenty-four hours. Today from directing mail to telling nutrient, all is done through electronic media sit at place. Similarly, the health relates are besides solved by the usage of E-health which is electronic health placement. However, there are different challenges same, monetary, societal, proficient and legal which are hinderance in the growing and betrothal of E-health system in Australia. The writings indicates the important countries in which the people of Australia are bringing the benefits of the E-health. However, the most of import concern for hereafter of E-health is pecuniary support by the regimen which depart speed up acceptance of the plan. modern old age s have seen a important alteration in people s life style and in order to pull off the basic comfortss one has to work twenty-four hours and dark. In such competitory and scheduled scenario where every minute utilized is counted, people are happening warm methods to pull off life. Today from directing mail to telling nutrient, all is done through electronic media sitting at place or office. The 24 hours of the twenty-four hours seems to be deficient for completing the work and the ill effects of this busy life events in terrible health jobs. However, it can be observed that the people sing the infirmary, medical examination clinic and pathology for assignments to run into the physicians has significantly decreased. The ground for this drastic alteration is the engineering, which has brought a revolution in the wellness sector.Moreover, with the de only if of net the universe seems to be captured in one thaumaturgy box and the words desire mail, commercialism, wellness are now known as e-mail, e-commerce and e-health.Harmonizing to Maeder ( 2008 ) , e- health is defined as the technological system with sphere of information with systematic communication for people and tools deployed in health care applications, including package systems for wellness informations way and processing, work out machine assisted clinical procedure and determination support systems, and systems interoperability constituents. Further more than, with the rise in the cyberspace exploiters it is noticed that clients now straight entree health care tie in information over the sack up as a consequence of which the vents and solutions related with medical specialty, medical informations are available on sense tips. Furthermore, in Australia the National E-Health Transition Authority ( NEHTA ) promises to develop criterions and metrical unit for interrelated wellness sector, clinical informations criterions for the fill in of clinical information, national criterions to uni quely identify endurings, suppliers, merchandises and services and unafraid electronic transportation of information crossways the wellness sector ( Robinson et al. 2005 ) . This revolution in the wellness sector due to electronic media pull up stakes depict possible chances and benefits to many an(prenominal) people. However, the benefits are hindered by several challenges that include concealment and security of information, technological inefficiency and monetary scarceness.The intent of this paper is to measure and pull out the chances and challenges associated with use of e-health in Australia. This preliminary reappraisal will investigate the possible benefits for diligents, wellness experts and wellness organisations every bit right-hand(a) as the possible barriers and issues related to e-health use in Australia.2. Australia background and contextAustralia is the universe s largest island and smallest continent. It is besides the driest inhabited continent, and feat ures a giving scope of climatic zones. Today, Australia is place to an estimated 20.3 million people. Australia is a comfortable introduce with an established capitalist sparing system and the overall Australian population is one of the healthiest when compared internationally ( Glover, Hetzel & A Tennant 2008 ) . Furthermore, Australia is a developed state equipped with advanced engineering and important research in medical specialty which marks a planetary impact around its wellness sector.2.1. Health sector in AustraliaThe wellness sector in Australia is governed by public and private organisations. The public organisations are supported by the Government. Harmonizing to Li et Al. ( 2008 ) Australia has a interlinking wellness system, with patients treated in both the populace and private sectors and in urban, regional, rural and distant countries. Furthermore, wellness service suppliers include general and specialist medical and nursing practicians, other wellness professi onals, hospital staff, residential area wellness workers, druggists. In add-on, the Australian authorities provides chronic and complex conditions, electronic wellness records, and improved safety and quality of infirmary anxiety and better national wellness information ( Glover, Hetzel & A Tennant 2008 ) .Furthermore, the new engineerings and research in the medical line has raised important chances related to the use of e-health.3. Potential chances associated with use of E-health in AustraliaTo speed up the acceptance of an electronic wellness information system across Australia and to develop user specifications, criterions and substructure necessary for an interrelated wellness sector, National e-health Transition Authority ( NeHTA ) has taken major stairss in forming the medical system accurately. Furthermore, Australian Governments approved $ 130 million to present a alone wellness watchfulness designation figure for all persons, a alone designation figure for every w ellness attention professional, and a common linguistic communication for wellness communications and to computerise the general word form for the success of communicating tissue across the wellness attention system ( Robinson et al. 2005 ) .Furthermore, it is to be noticed that Australian wellness sector is a wide endeavor and is turning with the support from the authorities, as a consequence of this the possible benefits to people, wellness experts and wellness organisations will significantly alter the mentality of the hereafter wellness attention system.3.1. Benefits to patientThe engineering has flourished the present wellness sector in Australia and the patients are blessed with benefits like idle entree to the studies, medical specialties etc. Maeder ( 2008 ) draws the attending towards the elaborate information system which will supply the patients with ordained discourse, inauspicious reactions to drugs or therapies, understanding activities of day-to-day life and modi fying bad wonts besides it will move as personal monitoring device. Furthermore, rotating shaft ( 2006 ) stresses that the electronic wellness records ( EHR ) will assist patients routinely sing ten-fold health care suppliers. Similarly, EHR will besides assist apiece health care supplier to create an integrated position of the patient s health care position based on an exhibition of all the patient records. Therefore, these records will give a proper overview of the patient s wellness and will cut down the alloy of interchanging the information from different health care supplier. Furthermore, e-health has driven people towards healthy life with information about yoga, dieting and workout tips that are easy available on web sites. In add-on, medical insurances are besides purchased and renewed utilizing web sites like Medibank, Medicare in Australia. However, the wellness experts like physicians, general practicians are happening this engineering really utile with regard to managing information about the patients.3.2. Prospects for wellness expertsThe general practician in Australia seems repletionively confirming with the usage of computing machine for suffering the patient s information. The history of the disease that a patient is enduring and the medicine that is advised can be fetched from the system which reduces the load of paper work. On the other manus patients excessively have less latent hostility of maintaining all the records and they visit the physicians with positive head. Furthermore, Maeder ( 2008 ) emphasizes that E-health tools are progressing human apprehension and interaction every bit good as it supports collaborative activities like statistical sum-ups and graphical show for studies, multiparty conferencing bundles, and tele wellness patient scrutiny applications. Ray ( 2006 ) draws that wellness experts can overview the sum-up of interventions received, consequences from blood trials or X raies and discharge referrals in the Health Link system. Similarly, the benefits of electronic wellness record over the paper record is its usage enables improved information flow, improved communicating between wellness practicians across different wellness attention scenes, easier entree to medical files, improved issue of prescriptions, and determination support therefore the Australian Government has recognized these advantages, and, through the Department of Health and Ageing, provides financess to the superior general Practice Computing Group ( Robinson et al. 2005 ) .However, Henderson, Britt & A Miller ( 2006 ) argues that medical record used lacks the specificity to meet the sum or type of patient information being stored in the computing machine and each physician has a duty to protect his patient s involvement in footings of the privateness of their EHR.3.3. assist to infirmaries and wellness organisationsThe infirmaries and wellness organisations in Australia are divided in public and private sectors w ith the duty to cargo area healthy environment in the state. The authorities supports this sector and warrants proper wellness attention to the people.The E-health system has join these organisations to work consistently and co-ordinate with each other which has resulted in clip and cost nest eggs. The engineering has proved easy for infirmaries to reassign and keep patient s information. The infirmaries know the sort of experts present in the other wellness attention organisations and advice the patients to see that topographic point from the system which connect to cardinal database. The police squad meetings utilizing video-conferencing engineering are assisting the experts and organisations to work out the critical instances from one topographic point diminishing the enormous distance travel ( Ray 2006 ) . The wellness direction package s have helped the infirmaries to keep the substructure and paysheet. The wellness attention devices like X-ray, CT scan, computing machine a ided imaging, endoscopy are supplying speedy methods for analysis of single wellness and the information files are saved in the database for future mention.4. Challenges associated with use of E-health in AustraliaThe information system has given human society handiness and easiness to manage multiple things at one clip.However, the duty to procure the critical statistics has increased to heighten the quality of wellness informations.The hinderance to E-health systems are substructure, fiscal support to keep the systems, wishing of proficient experts, societal acceptableness etc. The support from Australian authorities to wellness organisations is still deficient to function the mass. Maeder ( 2008 ) draws the important challenges like cost and demands of chronic diseases like malignant neoplastic disease, diabetes with worsening size and capableness of the professional work force in the wellness attention sector.4.1. Fiscal IssuesThe Australian work force mostly depends on the ski lled immigrants from other states. The cost for the intervention of diseases like malignant neoplastic disease, cardiovascular etc are really high and the equipments for supervising them is an extra load to the organisations. Second a major issue is the demand for systemic battle with quality and safety betterments which requires excess fiscal support ( Ray 2006 ) .Moreover, Robinson et Al. ( 2005 ) draws that accidental or unwilled revelation of patient s information constitute breach of privateness, loss of wellness insurance and fiscal harm. Harmonizing to Anderson ( 2007 ) a major barrier to feat of EMRs and other clinical IT applications is the primary costs which are really high and the care of the system in add-on which consequences diffident final payments to doctors.4.2. Technical hurdlingsThe down clip and clangs are the footings which are common with computing machine engineering and the dependability on systems for warehousing and endorse up of the information is ever on high precedence therefore the wellness experts have less faith on the engineering and they keep records in paper excessively ( Henderson, Britt & A Miller 2006 ) . Li et Al. ( 2008 ) draws that the engineering back uping distributed medical squad depends on apprehension of the human computing machine interaction involved in the engineering. Furthermore, the deficiency of assurance in general practicians towards computing machine systems because of inability to type rapidly, less cognition about package are issues in acceptance of engineering in the wellness sector ( Henderson, Britt & A Miller 2006 ) .The immense volume of informations generated by multichannel supervising device provides many proficient challenges like informations transportation, storage and entree. In add-on, it requires appropriate package to supply analysis, comparing and reading of the informations ( Maeder 2008 ) .The security of the information is besides a country of concern for the proficient experts while implementing the package and proper preparation to be provided to the user. However, Ray ( 2006 ) draws that in Australia the criterions like HL7 seek to procure the transmittal of the informations and supply terminal to stop security demands.4.3. Cultural and cordial ConfrontThe development of engineering has brought assorted positive facets like comfort, clip nest eggs etc but on the other side it has raised the menace to the single privateness. The common people are apprised of the benefits of the terminal devices and least bothered about the security. The breach of information by authorised users of electronic wellness records is an ethical affair which sends a incorrect moving ridge among people about the new systems ( Robinson et al. 2005 ) . Furthermore, the privateness related to the patient s record is addressed and signed before utilizing it for other instance surveies in Australia ( Li et al. 2008 ) .However in Australia the Government enterprises to propagate th e cognition refering the security and privateness of informations are a positive measure in the way for acceptance of E-health ( Ray 2006 ) .4.4. Law and policy obstructionsThe security and privateness in E-health systems are non as per the statute laws criterions of Australia which is a menace to hereafter of wellness sector ( Robinson et al. 2005 ) . The E-health system has many benefits for the patients and society nevertheless the privateness concerns are going legal issues with the wellness attention organisations ( Ray 2006 ) . Harmonizing to the Health Records and Information Privacy Act 2002 ( NSW ) , wellness information must non be disclosed to anyone other than the patient and physician. However, the wellness attention suppliers must take the permission from the patient for revelation of the confidential information for the intent of survey or work outing same instance. In failure of such conditions will accompany in menace to the involvement of people for illustration, describing catching diseases to the appropriate wellness organisation ( Robinson et al. 2005 ) . Legal barriers to E-health acceptance exist in Australia, Torahs sing fraud and maltreatment, antimonopoly rational belongings and province licensing has developed a cloud of uncertainness for wellness attention suppliers to implement the engineering ( Anderson 2007 ) .5. DecisionsFinally, this study has explored up-to-date thoughts in the field of E-health acceptance in Australia concentrating in chances and challenges. The wellness sector in Australia is supported by the Government and is comfortable with the technological development. The different subdivisions in Australia like patients, wellness experts and wellness attention organisations are deriving the benefits from the new system. Additionally, the improved methods have given physicians a tool to manage critical wellness issues and diseases in more structured manner.Equally far as challenges are concerned, there are issues r elated to societal and fiscal sectors. The major hurdle is with proficient cognition which is an indispensable factor to drive the electronic wellness strategy. However, the current wellness direction has its legal barriers which are to be implemented with the engineering for societal security and privateness.The literature indicates the important countries in which the people of Australia are bringing the benefits of the E-health. However, the most of import concern for hereafter of E-health is fiscal support by the authorities which will speed up acceptance of the engineering. Furthermore, the extra barriers will only be removed with the inclusion of greater security of medical informations to convert practicians and patients.

Psy250 Biological and Humanistic Approaches to Personality

biological and humanist Approaches to Personality The stages of human education are allured by biologic and human-centred theories. Maslows hierarchy of unavoidably distortes the need for and individual to light upon their proclaim nature and gain self-control in their personal life. Abraham Maslow had a surmise that an individual volition confide more in life at once they learn accomplished the basic take in life. Humanistic features of personality focus on freedom and self-fulfillment. Unlike Maslow, Hans Eysenck and other theorist proclaimed that personality comes from a biological approach that an individuals behavior is allured by genetics.The following will consist of a description of how Maslows hierarchy of needs influence personality formations, biological factors that influence the formation of personality, the question of the relationship of biological factors by Maslows theory of personality, on with basic aspects of humanistic theories incompatible wit h biological descriptions of personality. Maslows hierarchy of needs is a theory of human motivation based on biological, safety, love and belongness, esteem, and self- actualization.Personality is influenced by ideas that create a foundation of an individuals life relations and peak experiences. An individuals experiences assist an individual to transform and discover the inner self. Peak experiences are familiar to individuals whom submit matured and discovered their full potential. Maslow reckond that individuals strive for self-actualization once they bemuse satisfied their more basic needs. Maslow in like manner modifyd self-actualization as being the most superior taboo of all hierarchy needs.Each of Maslows hierarchy of needs define the patterns of human motivations for an individual to survive. Each stage in like manner defines the personality growth in humans as well as in animals. The simplest level of needs must mature before the individual will be motivated to achi eve higher needs. biologic needs are the simplest and main requestments for human survival such as water, food, stress, and shelter. Maslows hierarchy of human needs is categorized in two groups D-motives and B-motives (Friedman & Schustack,2012, pg304). Biological needs are the needs of the body that uphold homeostasis.Food, water, and air are requirements for individuals to survive and produce a steady foundation for growth. Safety needs are of import in protecting self for growth. Individuals who are smart, tough, fast, consistent, and organized have recognized a defense of credential for survival. Challenges associated with the external urges influence defense mechanisms such as repression, denial, displacement, reaction formation, regression, sublimation, projection, and rationalization. Each defense mechanism allows race to protect their ego.Therefore allowing them to avoid posttraumatic stress and continue to strive toward self-actualization. Love and belongingness refl ects off safety. Humans need to expression a sense of belongingness and love. If love comes from a kindly group, religious group, classmates, coworkers, family members, and friends, individuals need to love and be love by others. Without the features of love an individual may become an object to social anxiety and depression. The need for belonging behind overcome the biological and security needs, depending on the power of peer pressure from other individuals.Humans have a self-esteem influenced by self-respect. Esteem shows importance and appreciation, which influences the doings of receiving a great education, career, friends, and respect. Individuals with low esteem require respect and attention from others further on the other hand high esteem requires self-respect along with self-confidence. The maximum developed need detects to be at peace with oneself. Self-actualized individuals are independent, choose privacy, love, freedom, and avoid social stress (Friedman & Schusta ck,2012 pg305).Biological factors such as chromosomes, hormones, and the disposition all have a main influence on human behavior. Biological factors that influence personality can involve genetics, disease, drugs, and medical disorders. Personality can be affected by many factors. Psychologist considers personality traits as sensors inside the school principal, controlling a limit of behaviors and attitudes (Nettle, 2008). sensing element settings characterize where an individual stands on a measurement for each personality trait.The Big Five traits characterize the strength of certain type of psychological reaction, which depends on certain neurobiological mechanism in the brain (Nettle, 2008). Genetics considers being an influence to personality. Genetics are the primary involvement of personality. Genes affect how an individuals body and brain matures and functions. Individuals who may suffer from loss of genes on a specific chromosome contri nonwithstandinge to disorders tha t genetic factors strongly influence personality (Friedman, Schustack 2012 pg147). Personality can be affected by disease in which traits may onnect with how individuals extend situations and the emotional results that situations at hand create. It is believed that genetics influence the simplest characteristics. Hormones and brain structure influence behavior but neither has an effect on personality traits. Genes do not have control over personality traits but on the other hand genes influences behavior. The nervous system contributes to notification of the surrounding and dangers of the environment but also emphasizes the notion of importance of appropriate behavior.Biological theories have a stronger impact on personality than humanistic theories may have. Health issues such as mental illness, cancer, high blood pressure, and depression also can have an effect on an individuals personality. The medications that are prescribed to an individual to treat health issues may also have an impact on the personality. Illegal drugs and the abuse of alcohol can contribute to the changes of personalities that have been established but triggered by chemicals within the drugs and alcohol.The nervous system and the growth of the brain both contributes to biological factors that are influenced by the environment an individual places themselves in and not only by genes. Humanistic approach attempts to stress an individuals inner personality and spirit. Humanistic approach also stresses the viewpoint of being human. In addition, the humanistic approach also proclaims that individuals focus on the ability of other human beings having an effect on their personality.According to (Friedman & Schustack,2012 pg291) attending small groups such as human potential movements, which started in the over fifty geezerhood ago, with other individuals whom have established all their hierarchy needs in life may influence an individual to become more creative and establish a level of self- fulfillment. In the humanistic approach, the theory is an effort that stresses the values and an individuals self-worth. Life matures while individuals plan their lives and take actions for their responsibility.Each individual must learn to have self-control and perform discipline to obtain a healthy lifestyle. Obtaining a healthy lifestyle will contribute to an individual discovering their inner potential. Humanistic believes that spiritual growth and awareness grounds personality in the full appreciation of the everyday world (Friedman & Schustack,2012 pg303). Humanistic theorists focus on each individuals personality, appreciation of naturalness, and the value of life (Friedman & Schustack,2012 pg304). Humanistic theories follow the tactile sensation that every individual has their life and is in control of their own free will.Humanistic approach also influences an individuals feelings rather than thought process. Biological theories follow the belief that genetics influence the control of personality. The basic concepts of humanistic and biological theories are different similarities. Healthy sight must take responsibility for themselves, regardless of the actions and therefore, negative actions do not contradict the value of the person. Biological theories focus on thought or reason rather than feelings for self-worth and value. Biological theorists believe that genetics have an influence on an individuals personality.This secondary affect controls how a person develops into adulthood. Biological standpoints also teach that science and genes determine a persons personality. For example, twins who have similar traits or personalities share the said(prenominal) genetic traits. Genetics can also have an effect on how an individual copes with their personality. A childs childishness environment plays an extremely high influence on the outcome of an individuals personality as well. Therefore, biologic theorists believe that personality traits are genetic therefore, unavoidable.Some theorists believe that a combination of psychotherapy and drug therapy could correct unfortunate personality traits, leading to a productive life. Humanistic therapists believe that a productive life is an accomplishment of completing each stage of Maslows hierarchy of needs life. Poor personality traits are learned not inherited but can be changed if willing. References Friedman, H. S. & Schustack, M. W. (2012). Personality Classic theories and modern research (5th ed. ). Boston Pearson/Allyn & Bacon. Nettle, D. (2008). constrict your personality New Scientist, 197(2642), 36-39.