CVE-2005-0551 Essays

CVE-2005-0551 Essays CVE-2005-0551 Essay CVE-2005-0551 Essay CVE-2005-0551 is privilege lift exposure. On successful development of this exposure aggressor could take complete control over the attacked system and can act every bit normal as the decision maker on the machine. Privilege can be defined as the procedure of verifying the permissions before leting making something ( accessing protected resources ) . User provides some individuality for proof. In instance of Windows, the logged in user certificates can be an individuality to supply entree to the resources ( state meats maps ) . The act of deriving the entree to the protected resources from the application user by working the bug or design defects in the package application is usually referred as the privilege escalation. Privilege lift is a particular sort of privilege escalation referred as perpendicular privilege escalation. In this procedure a low privileged user entree the resources of the high privileged user. The illustration of one such is, the terminal user of the waiter making install/ uninstall of the plans on the machine that he logged in. The merchandise bug may allow higher permissions than the user meant for when supplying a specially crafted input to the applications. Buffer/ stack flood can besides leads to this sort of onslaught. CVE-2005-0551: An application that provides console window information with a long FaceName value may do buffer overflow in WINSRV.dll in csrss.exe procedure. Attacker can work this exposure by specially planing an application that causes buffer overflow and derive the elevated permissions. CVE ( Common Vulnerabilities and exposures ) provides the undermentioned description for the CVE-2005-0551. â€Å"Stack-based buffer flood in Winsrv.dll in the client waiter runtime system procedure of Windows NT4 runing systems allows local users to derive privileges via a specially designed application that provides console window information with a long FaceName value† . CSRSS: Client/ Server runtime subsystem ( csrss.exe ) is a Microsoft Windows NT runing system constituent. CSRSS provides user mode side of the win32 subsystem and is chiefly responsible for Win32 console applications and threading. Buffer Overflow exposure: Whenever a plan efforts to hive away informations beyond the boundaries of a fixed-length buffer, the information is overwritten into the next memory locations. Some times it may overwrite the next buffers and some times variables and in the worst the plan flow which may do a procedure to crash or bring forth wrong consequences. The buffer overproduction may trip the executing of some malicious codification if the aggressor designed the input in such a format to make so. Stack based development: Overflowing the stack by go throughing the statements of size greater than the size of the variable allocated in the stack section we could make that. By making beastly force onslaught on this at some point we could hit the system bid and the parametric quantity values that are passed to the map could really a plan or a arrow to a map that contains some malicious codification. Scale and range of the exposure: The aggressor can research this exposure if he has at least local user permissions on the machine that he wants to assail. Unless he log on to the machine he can non research the exposure. The terminus users where maintain for public entree etc. are largely exposed to the aggressor. Attacker could non assail the machine through Internet or from some other distant location. He needs to be the local user of that machine. Anonymous user can non work this exposure as he can non entree the machine and log in to the machine and run the crafted application. To research the exposure aggressor foremost needs to log in the machine with his certificates on the machine. Then he needs to run a specially designed application to research the exposure. This stack based exposure can be exposed by crashing the csrss.exe procedure and besides providing FaceName of length greater than 32bytes. Once the onslaught is successful, the aggressor gets the complete control over the machine. He can move as the decision maker of that machine. He is free to add new plans, take plans, add new users to the machine group, take the bing users, alter the permissions of the users, take the critical information in the machine, adds the malicious content to the bing informations and so on. Mitigating/ deciding this exposure is really of import as the impact of this would be immense on the waiters those act as the waiter for the terminal clients. The factor that the distant users can non research this exposure of class reduces the surface country of the exposure but the issue is really of import from the security concern. Microsoft Systems it effects: The feat can go on in the undermentioned Microsoft Systems Windows 2000, Windows XP Sp1, Windows XP Sp2, and Windows Server 2003. This exposure is non exposed in Windowss view, windows waiter 2008 and Windows 7 runing systems though the csrss.exe procedure tallies on those machines. Degree of menace posed by this exposure to Microsoft Systems: Attacker can work this exposure and addition unauthorised entree to the resources of the machine. Once the development win he can derive full entree to the machine, and now he is free to change the machine constellation, and scenes. He can add new users to the machine group, take the users from the group and do denial of service onslaught ( as the attested users no more used the services provided by the system ) , add new plans ( these plans can be sniffers that sends the user secret information to the aggressor by listening them in secret ) , take installed plans, entree the cardinal files and deletes those, entree the database and take the database that resides in the machine. How does the feat map? Attacker should log into the terminus that he has entree to, by supplying the certificates ( local user certificates, who has limited entree ) . He so runs a specially designed application to work the exposure with his certificates. The application is designed such that it causes stack flood in winsrv.dll in csrss.exe procedure. After running the application successfully, aggressor additions complete control over the targeted machine. How is the exploit codification delivered to the mark system? This onslaught can non be performed remotely. It does intend that aggressor can non be one of the Internet user or remote user. The system can non be affected because of linking to the Internet. This onslaught is possible if the aggressor is a local ( limited entree ) user of the targeted machine. The purpose of the onslaught is to derive unauthorised entree on the resources that he does non hold entree permissions. The exploit codification will be delivered to the mark system by copying the specially crafted application from any removable media or from mail fond regard. Attacker he himself cognizing will make this to derive the control over the targeted machine. Manage/ mitigate this exposure: This exposure can be mitigated by downloading and put ining the updates available at the following location ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.microsoft.com/technet/security/bulletin/ms05-018.mspx ) . One of the common guidelines to follow are that ever turn on automatic updates, so that the new updates will be automatically downloaded and installed from Microsoft. Restricting the user accounts merely to the attested users can extenuate the job though non wholly. The waiters do non hold job unless non-administrative entree permission is given to login the waiter and running the plans. This is non the recommended best pattern counsel for configuring the waiter. Restricting console entree at the hazardous terminuss can extenuate the job and cut down the surface country of the job. This is a trade-off between the capableness we provide and the security that we want to supply. Mentions: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi? name=CAN-2005-0551 hypertext transfer protocol: //labs.idefense.com/intelligence/vulnerabilities/display.php? id=230 hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privilege_escalation hypertext transfer protocol: //www.watchguard.com/infocenter/editorial/135144.asp CVE-2005-0551 exposure is because of the feat of the stack based buffer flood in winsrv.dll in the client waiter runtime system ( csrss ) procedure of Windows NT4 ( Microsoft server 2000, Windows XP ( SP1 and SP2 ) , windows server 2003 ) systems. Attacker exploits the exposure of the targeted system and gets unauthorised entree to the resources on that machine. Runing the specially designed application to work the exposure of the Windows NT4 systems ( mentioned above ) and deriving entree to the unauthorised resources for that user is nil but the privilege lift. Privilege lift is a type of privilege escalation and the Wikipedia definition of privilege lift is â€Å"A lower privileged user entrees maps, and other resources such as files etc reserved for higher privilege users† . The lower privilege users of the targeted system exploit the exposure and seek deriving the control over the resources of the decision maker of the machine or he can see the contents of other users which he is non supposed to make. On successful development, the local unauthorised user ( non-admin ) can entree the system thrust, add/ remove plans, start new procedure, alter the constellation, add new histories for that machine, take the users, changes the entree rights of the machines, changes the user privileges and so on. It is frequently people design applications that accepts input from the user through console ( by come ining the text input ) , i.e. is a character based user interface. Win32 API ( application plan interface ) offers this and the codification to run this characteristic resides in csrss procedure, a nucleus system procedure. This procedure manages Microsoft client/ waiter runtime waiter subsystem. Winsrv.dll file is responsible for creating/ deleting, pull offing the console windows. The codification in this Anethum graveolens manages these operations. Winsrv.dll contains the win32 user modus operandis and in writing engine modus operandis ( GDI ) . On choosing the belongingss item from the system Menu of a console window, CONSOLE_STATE_INFO construction ( a information construction that contains the information about the console window belongingss ) will be copied into the file-mapping object. This construction contains a nothing terminated threading stipulating the name of the fount, FaceName [ 32 ] . This twine is copied it in to a fixed size stack buffer without any saneness checking. Wcscpy ( ) map do the transcript operation. By providing a twine longer than 32 bytes, the onslaught can be explored ( It is nil but the stack based buffer overflow onslaught ) . Once the onslaught is successful the targeted system will be to the full compromised and the aggressor additions the entree right ( full permissions ) on all sorts of resources that are available to the decision maker of the box. Now he can add, take the plans, install sniffers ( spywares to listen other user activities ) , delete the sensitive content in the system, add the new users in to the system ( he can make a new history for himself as the decision maker on the box so that he need non make the same onslaught for deriving the control once more ) , he can disenable the other user histories so that they can non entree their histories, take permissions of other users ion certain resources and so on. The range of the exposure is high as the non-admin user can acquire administrative permission of the targeted system. Once an unauthorised user gets entree permissions the system can be said as compromised and every possible onslaught is now possible on that system. The system is no more secure to utilize and is extremely recommended to non to utilize. Besides it is difficult for the decision maker to happen it out that the system is compromised unless he sees some harm go on. In the average clip the aggressor can listen the other Sessionss of the attested users by put ining the undercover agent ware.The onslaught is non possible from the Internet or from some other distant locations. The onslaught will merely go on if the user is in the local user group of that machine ( i.e. user should hold some degree of entree on that machine ) . Unauthorized users, those who can non login to the machine can non work the onslaught and compromise the system. Attacker can non load/ run the plan re motely by working this exposure. Attacker who wants to work the exposure at first demands to login with his certificates and so run specially designed application for the onslaught ( the fount name value should be more than 32 bytes to do the stack flood, this is the field that needs to be build to derive the control over the machine ) . On successful development, aggressor additions the control over the targeted machine. Waiters those provide terminal client Sessionss are most prone to this onslaught than the normal waiters and client constellations. The machines that are exposed to the onslaught are: Windows waiter 2003 Windows waiter 2000 Microsoft Windows XP 32 spot edition ( SP1 and Sp2 ) and The version of ntoskrnl.exe is less than 5.1.2600.2622 and is the one non put in the spot KB890851. Microsoft released a new spot ( hotfix ) for this job. The Windowss machines that are exposed to this onslaught should put in the spot KB890851 to extenuate the job. This update removes the exposure by modifying the manner the messages proofs go oning before they pass them to the needed constituents. The best patterns to follow to avoid these sorts of onslaughts are: Keep spots up-to-date i.e. ever turning on Windowss updates and let put ining the new security updates. Need to put the constellation scenes sharply such that though they limit the functionality of the user the system will be more secure. Restrict console entree on public terminuss where security is a concern.This can be accomplished by making the undermentioned register key: HKEY_CURRENT_USERSoftwarePoliciesMicrosoftWindowsSystem Add a DWORD named DisableCMD with the value 1 to disenable bidprompt and batch files or the value 2 to disenable bid prompt butallow batch files. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.microsoft.com/technet/security/bulletin/ms05-018.mspx hypertext transfer protocol: //labs.idefense.com/intelligence/vulnerabilities/display.php? id=230 hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privilege_escalation hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi? name=CAN-2005-0551 hypertext transfer protocol: //oval.mitre.org/repository/data/getDef? id=oval: org.mitre.oval: def:1822 hypertext transfer protocol: //downloads.bsi-fuer-buerger.de/produkte/bosscd/boss2/doc/mitre/CAN/2005/0551.html hypertext transfer protocol: //www.vupen.com/english/Reference-CVE-2005-0551.php

Essay Sample on Human Resource Organizational Research

Essay Sample on Human Resource Organizational Research 1.0 Introduction Member of staff satisfaction and empowerment are fundamental components to businesses in most industries (torraco 85). the industry of construction has an assortment of types of members of staff, varying from administrators and senior managers to on-site overseers and manual workers (beardwell and claydon 53). this study was carried out to achieve a better perceptive regarding the essentials and levels of contentment and empowerment of on-site overseers in the housing industry of construction. an on-site overseer in the housing industry of construction is liable for synchronizing and organizing members of staff, supplies, equipment, making financial arrangements, planning, indentures, and the wellbeing of members of staff and the populace in general (holbeche and springett 12). they are also members of staff most recurrently professed as liable for the triumph or malfunction of any task. trailing a detailed assessment of the correlated writing, a questionnaire was structured to find out the levels of satisfaction and empowerment of on-site controllers. this opinion poll was overseen in the form of an interview and it was revealed that a noteworthy correspondence subsisted amid satisfaction and empowerment. 2.0 Structure of the interview Questions Subjects 1 to 10 were planned to find demographic information concerning the on site controllers. demographic queries that were incorporated in the study aimed at the onsite controller’s age, sex, nuptial standing, edification, industry familiarity, incidence with precedent and current administrators, career title, present position of the profession, and sum of built-up units the interviewee’s company put up per annum. subjects 11, 14, 20, and 28 classified whether the members of staff feel esteemed by the company. subjects 17, 19, and 26 classified if members of staff got adequate training to execute the allocated tasks. subjects 22 and 25 classified the members of staff level of expectations and assurance in administrators and executives. queries 12, 21, and 24 classified if members of staff had the ability to under take the requisite tasks. subjects 13, 15, 18, and 23 classified if members of staff had any contribution or involvement in choosing how their work necess ities will be accomplished. subjects 16 and 27 classified if members of staff are held responsible and answerable for their doings by acme administration. the 18th subjects obliquely measured the on-site controllers’ intensity of satisfaction and empowerment. subject 29 and 30 were straight queries permitting the members of staff to document their level of satisfaction or empowerment. lastly, queries 31, 32 and 33 were accustomed to identify the highest five fundamentals on-site controllers thought led to member of staff satisfaction and empowerment. the main questions, which were 11-30, were accustomed to appraise conduct and point of view of the members of staff. Aforementioned to conducting the interview, deakin university’s institutional review board was made contact with, and authorization was approved to carry out this study. the institute’s board’s key rationale is to protect the civil liberties and interests of human study issues. consistent with university guiding principles, any study considered to seek information from individual subjects must be pre-commended by a review commission. 3.0 Findings One of the functions of this study was to find out if the on-site controller in the housing construction industry were contented with their employment. the study confirmed that when on-site controllers were requested to gauge their level of satisfaction rooted in one undeviating subject, one on-site controller acted in response as satisfied, whereas the other acted in response as unsatisfied. A different intention of this study was to find out if on-site controllers in the housing construction industry were sanctioned enough to accomplish post tasks. the information discovered that when on-site controllers were requested to gauge their level of empowerment rooted in one undeviating subject, one on-site controller acted in response that he was empowered and the other on-site controller accounted that he was neither empowered nor underpowered. from the review, three foremost rudiments that throw in most to members of staff satisfaction were acknowledged. these three basics, in no exacting arrangement, were: worth, implying an employee’s insight of his importance to the firm (saks 600) and (purcell 54). training, connoting the quantity and eminence of training a member of staff gets from the firm. management, denoting the self-assurance a member of staff has in persons in charge and administrators of the firm as well as the maintenance the administrators and executives give the members of staff (gubman 42) and (brown 26). these fundamentals of satisfaction were not particular to the industry of construction. this study also exposed the peak basics on-site controllers feel put in most to members of staff satisfaction. the pinnacle five factors in order of implication are:   recognition and positive reception. this matches with an on-site controller being accredited by the administration in one way or another for carrying out tasks and tasks.   financial reimbursement. this denotes the reparation an on-site controller obtains in the course of a yearly salary and end of year extras.   work surroundings. this comprise regularly of the working association an on-site controller has with colleagues.   encroachment prospects. this incorporates not only elevating in the firm but undertaking more accountability within a specified work depiction.   remuneration and perquisites, which incorporate the whole lot from healthiness packages to automobile stipends. from the review of the literature, the three main aspects that put in nearly all members of staff empowerment were acknowledged. these three aspects, in no exact sequence, were: authority, implying the intensity of control given to an on-site controller for purpose of accomplishing job tasks. involvements, meaning the level of involvement and contribution on-site controllers have concerning their job tasks. accountability, meaning the conscientiousness and answerability an on-site controller has been given in regards to projects and tasks related to the job. this study in addition exposed the apex facets on-site controllers feel put in most to employee empowerment. the facets are:   lack of restrictions and independence   sharing of information.   guidance   supremacy and control.   administration support. 4.0 Satisfaction and Empowerment Correlation Derived from the review and the outcome of this study, when an employer sanctions the on-site controllers, an affirmative response should take place (fisher 1). for the reason that an on-site controller ought to now be empowered, the eminence of the product or services offered ought to boost since the increase in accountability, incentive, and satisfaction empowerment necessitates. ingenious and inventive thoughts should compel the constant enhancement of procedures, products, and services (cufaude 25). members of staff should be capable of rapidly gratifying client demands, hence improving client contentment and rising sales and the sine qua non. additionally, as the altitude of empowerment boosts, the echelon of contentment should also augment (bowditch and buono 78). this boost in fulfillment should decrease employee turnover and non-attendance, maintaining projects on time and at an elevated level of excellence. work-site safety should also advance and member of staff should be prolific. 5.0 Evaluation Summary This study has raised key aspects member of staff can concentrate on to perk up the level of satisfaction and empowerment of its members of staff. it was also revealed that a connection subsists amid empowerment and satisfaction, and the augmentation of one of the variables has a direct upshot on the other. as a result, by improving contentment, empowerment will be optimistically impinged on; and correspondingly, when on-site controllers are sanctioned, their job fulfillment perks up. Different suggestions for future study are suggested by the results of this study. the first proposal would be to get more detailed with the study. for instance, this study could be aimed at on-site controllers who only work for minute-capacity housing companies of construction. an additional suggestion would be to carry out the study with construction members of staff whose occupation tasks fluctuate from those of an on-site controller. these studies may include construction manual workers, estimators, central administration, or senior managers. lastly, another correlated subject for future study recommended by this report would be to get hold of a clearer perceptive of administration’s outlook toward contented and sanctioned members of staff. are the alleged advantages of contentment and empowerment prevailed over by the expenses? perchance by making out and surveying a corporation in the industry of construction that identifies with and implements the aspects that lead to member of staff fulfillment and empowerment, new perceptive about members of staff contentment and empowerment and their execution course of action would be revealed. 6.0 Work Cited Beardwell, j. and claydon, t. human resource management: a modern approach. 5th ed. harlow, prentice hall. 2007. 53. print. Bowditch, j. and buono, a. a primer on organizational behavior. 5th ed. new york: john wiley. 2001. 78. print. Brown, r. doing your exposition in business and management: the realism of studying and writing. london: sage. 2006. 26. print. Cufaude, j. in lanphear, s. are your employees highly engaged? credit union executive newsletter. usa: credit union national association. 2004. 25. print. Fisher, c. studying and writing an exposition for business students. harlow, prentice hall. 2004. 19, 1-2. print. Gubman, e. from engagement to passion for work: the search for the missing person. human resources planning. 2004. pp42. print. Holbeche, l. and springett, n. in search of meaning in the workplace. horsham: roffey park. 2003. 12. print. Purcell, j. change agenda, reflections on employee engagement. london, cipd. 2006. print. Saks, a.m. antecedents and consequences of employee engagement. journal of managerial psychology. 2006. vol 21, no 6, pp600. print. Torraco, r.j. work design theory: a review and critique with implications for human resource development. human resource development quarterly. 2005. vol 16, no 1, pp85. print.

Unit 4 a Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Unit 4 a - Coursework Example The intensity of an ethical issue rests on the effect of a decision to the most number of people—or most number of stakeholders. The more stakeholders are concerned, the greater the scope which is to include the whole society, the more people to incorporate the decision which will determine its acceptability, thus determine its intensity as an ethical issue. In starting up with using an ethical decision-making framework, the stakeholders are first identified. The intensity of the ethical issue rests on the effect to most number of people, which is why it is one of the inputs to be considered. The system in which will determine the output or a decision will be determined by the interaction of the organizational factors and individual factors. For one, the individual factors will determine the values, interests and other personal factors that will influence his or her decision. Apart from these values, the context the organizational factors provide will guide as to what individual values will be acceptable in coming up with a decision. The pressure in order to conform to a higher set of values which is determined by the organizational factors will set the gears of the decision-making process. According to these larger set of values, which of an individual values is seen as more important to be emphasized and taken in consideration when coming up with a decision? The interaction of these will establish a system. The upcoming opportunity to an organization is seen to provide benefits to the organization. The opportunity is considered an input because of the benefits it can provide for the organization. With these benefits, the interests of different stakeholders will be determined, and up to what point an interest will be served by the benefit. As for the equality of the distribution of benefits to different stakeholders, this will be the result of interaction of the

Cultural Diversity in Perris, Ca Research Paper

Cultural Diversity in Perris, Ca - Research Paper Example My research will be just a curtain raiser of the current scenario in the modernized community existing in the city of Perris. (California’s cultural resources, n.d) The research is based on the study of culture, which I belong to, and the task is to analyze the cultural diversity existing in the community. The role of racism will be ploughed in different sectors and a relationship between the different members of the community will be portrayed in the following sections. It will also illustrate the qualities of a leader and their role in bringing sustainability in future. The offensive smell of racial discrimination may be transformed into a sweet fragrance of unity in diversity. Hailing from a white American culture, I have observed the physical differences of people from my culture from people who are different with respect to race, creed or religion. Among the other races, the ethnic and racial mix comprises of Hispanic, African American, American Indian and Filipino. In comparisons to my race, the physical traits of people belonging to the Hispanic culture usually possess dark brown hair, light skin and brown eyes. They are usually tanned or dark in complexion. We are generally in possession of white skin color. This has rather become a symbolism of my race. On the other hand, there are other Hispanics who resembles me, in terms of character traits. Hispanics is a type of ethnicity and not a race. The African Americans generally have curly hair, and very black and sun burnt skin color. They have been born from black family of Africa. Again, the physical traits of Filipino are characterized by blonde hair, blue eyes, pale skin and pointed nose. They even resemble the Chinese culture sometimes having a blunt nose, almond shaped eyes. Their face looks much like an oval shaped geometric figure. The Indian American has a sharp feature of an aquiline nose, brown skin, and circular, intense eyes. Though there are some who have a fixed

Free

Free Fall Essay The purpose of this experiment is to understand why we have variances in measurements and how to reduce the variances. When taking a measurement there are multiple factors that affect its value. The more the measurement is taken the measurements average is closer to the actual value. Other factors include the instruments calibration, cleanliness of the inside of the measuring arms and human error in reading the measurements off of the measuring devices. For this experiment, we followed the procedures as indicated in the lab manual. Data Results/Comparison to Theory / Answers The caliper and the micrometer were checked for the calibration. The results showed zero offset before and after experiment. Since there are differences in the measured data; the calculation of density varies. There are 3 variables that we have to take into account for calculating the density of the copper rod. The length plays the largest role in the uncertainty of the copper rod’s density since it has the largest deviation. The Vernier calipers were the most accurate because it showed the smallest deviation. Our experiment carried out exactly how the theory explained it would. We measured the same part a multitude of times and received varying data. Calculating the density from the averaged data made the value more accurate, and when combined with the standard deviation; our values for density became that much more accurate.

The Light In The Forest :: The Light In The Forest

The Light In The Forest  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      Conrad Richter's book, The Light In The Forest, is about a boy from Pennsylvania who was adopted into an Indian family. After a long period of time, True Son had to go back to his white family. The ordeal in the story is that he wanted to go back to the Indians and not stay in the white village. When he came back, he made a big mistake and got kicked out of the Indian village. In my opinion, Cuyloga made the most difficult decision in the novel when he decided to send True Son away at the end.    My first reason why it was difficult for Cuyloga to make this decision is that he loved his son, and he wanted him to live. He knew True Son didn't mean what he did, but it just happened. So he decided that since he was the father he should take full responsibility for True Son's action. When he wanted the Indians to fight True Son, they didn't. So instead he told True Son he had to leave and not come back. If he came back, he would be killed. Parents have to make difficult decisions for their children because they care for them. If they didn't make decisions, something could happen to the children.    Secondly, it was a difficult decision because Cuyloga thought if he stood there and watched them kill True Son, he couldn't face his family at home. His family would be mad at him if he let the Indians just kill him. He thought if he spared him his life and never saw him again, everything would be okay because he'd be much safer. He chose to make him leave because he cared for True Son. I would have done the same thing for True Son's sake. At least I'd know he was alive and not scalped.

Industrialization and Urbanization of Indian Society

In the recent years, the industrialization and urbanization of Indian society has led to an increase in the concentration of pollutants in the atmosphere. Air pollution is defined as a mixture of solid particles and gases in the air which has harmful and poisonous effects. Various experiments and studies have shown that long term exposure to such air pollution can lead to serious health issues such as: aggravated cardiovascular and respiratory illness, accelerated aging of lungs, diseases like asthma, bronchitis, cancer and a shortened life span. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), over 12 million people die from environmental health risks annually. Air pollution has become the 4th highest risk factor for premature deaths.Such degradation in the air quality levels has made air pollution a serious threat at a global level, especially for the developing countries, towards the sustainability of mankind. This has grabbed the attention of public as well as the government agencies. An air quality index (AQI) is a parameter used by the government agencies to communicate to the public how polluted the air quality currently is and how polluted it is forecast to become. As the AQI of a region increases, an increasingly large percentage of population of that area will experience adverse health effects.Several projects have been launched to combat air pollution in all major countries worldwide. For e.g.: 1): Hebei Air Pollution Prevention and Control Program (HAP- 2016:18) project in China to reduce the emissions of specific pollutants in Hebei; 2): The Odd-Even Scheme implemented by the Indian Government in national capital Delhi (2016). There are ceaseless fighting efforts for air pollution reduction all around the world. As an endeavor on the course of machine learning based air quality forecasting, this report presents an initiative and algorithmic details of various statistical models in solving this challenging problem. The Machine Learning models used in this paper, to facilitate the prediction of pollutant concentrations, include:Linear regressionLogistic RegressionPolynomial regressionRandom Forest ClassificationDecision Tree RegressionDecision Tree ClassificationSupport Vector regressionSupport Vector ClassificationKNN ClassificationWe target our air pollution forecast to the city of Delhi, India as it is at the forefront for battling against air pollution. We focus on predicting the Air Quality Index (AQI) level of Delhi, as it is a quantitative method to profile air pollution level. In order to reduce the pollution levels in Delhi, we will be analyzing 5 pollutants and 5 other environment parameters responsible for increase in AQI levels. The fixed station data is taken for 3 stations namely : NSIT (Dwarka), RK Puram and Shadipur . Objectives:Compare results of Air Quality Index (AQI) values obtained by different regression models and then propose the best model.Classify the dataset into 5 different AQI categories, and then use Classification models to forecast the pollution category for next month.Analyze the most prominent pollutant, using Back Propagation, responsible for air pollution and suggest methods to control it.The rest of this paper is organized as follows: Section II describes related work, and Section III provides background on data sources, participatory sensing systems and details the 5 regression and 5 classification models used in this study. Section IV describes the steps in our model, while model implementation and estimation accuracy is studied in Section V. The paper concludes in Section VI.

Do It Yourself Medical Tests: The Real Story Essay

In the past decade or so, the advancement of technology has resulted in the boom of gadgets such as cellular phones, handheld computers, flat screen television sets and the like. However, this progression is not only evident in entertainment and information devices. In fact, these vast technological developments have also made an impact in the field of medicine and healthcare. Through the years, the introduction and use of highly sophisticated equipment has significantly improved the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, such as cancer. Most of the time, doctors merely have to evaluate their patients and make them undergo a series of machine-based tests to further diagnose the disease or complications. However, more than hospital-based technology, the introduction devices or kits have made it possible for patients to undergo medical tests in the convenience of their own homes. Before, a woman who suspects that she is pregnant had to visit her physician, give him a urine sample and wait for days for the results of the pregnancy tests. Possibly, the only test that could be done at home back then was checking your temperature using a thermometer. Now, however, simple tests like pregnancy tests and blood sugar tests for diabetes can be bought over the counter, which means that patients no longer have to see their doctor often just to undergo these tests. According to the Detroit Medical Center’s online article, Do-It-Yourself Medical Testing Makes Inroads, other do-it-yourself test kits that have been made available for the past years include tests for hepatitis, cholesterol, colon cancer, urinary tract infections and HIV. Impact and Cost of Do-It-yourself Kits  Based on the Detroit Medical Center’s journal, do-it-yourself medical test kits have made a significant impact on patients’ lives, in particular, the amount of time they spend visiting their doctors and the length of availability of the test results. For example, in the past, diabetic patients had to check whether or not there was sugar in their urine to monitor their blood glucose. However, the introduction of testing strips and blood glucose meters, which were usually strapped to a patient’s wrist, made that procedure archaic and provided greater convenience to diabetic patients. The patients can actually measure the changes in their blood sugar without checking their urine and adjust their food intake and medication according to the results of the blood glucose meter. Moreover, based on the article, these meters can monitor blood glucose levels up to six times an hour, decreasing the need to use painful finger pricks, which is one reason why patients hesitate to undergo the test before. In addition, the development of finer lancets and improved meters used for pricking require less of the patient’s blood. Another home test kit that is currently available and commonly used at home is the cholesterol monitoring tests. While this test does not provide an amount of all the cholesterol fractions such as the good cholesterol and the bad cholesterol, it gives a patient a fairly simple overview of his or her cholesterol count. Similarly, home-test kits such as tests for ovulation, fecal occult blood, colon cancer, hepatitis, urinary tract infections, HIV as well as blood pressure monitoring machines, have provided patients with the convenience of diagnosing themselves at home. However, while the do-it-yourself home test kit is a significant addition to society, it also comes with a high price. Based on Walton Crocker’s article, Do’s and Don’ts for Do-It-Yourself Home Medical Testing, which was published in the Associated Content’s website, home medical test kits like cholesterol tests, prostate cancer tests, drug tests, HIV tests, hepatitis C tests, test for blood in the stool, and home monitoring machines, such as blood pressure monitoring machines, have a combined cost of more or less $6. 2 billion a year. Moreover, home blood glucose monitoring alone costs about $5. 7 billion a year. The original blood glucose monitoring machine was enormous in size and had to be strapped to a person’s back. Now, in contrast, this machine is only the size of a key chain. In comparison, a patient spends about $75 to $150 dollars on a regular visit to his or her doctor. However, more often than not, a consultation with the doctor regarding a certain disease also includes a large amount of time spent and possible inconveniences as compared to using home test kits which similarly provide diagnosis of a disease. Furthermore, do-it-yourself genetic testing kits have also been developed. Patients use the kits to scrape cells from the inside cheeks and send it for testing. The results are released through e-mail. Risks and Issues of Do-It-Yourself Tests While modern society has warmly welcomed these vast developments in health and diagnosing certain diseases, there have been a lot of questions regarding their accuracy and reliability. For example, the results of the home testing for blood cholesterol levels only gives patients the over-all amount of cholesterol and not the exact breakdown. According to the Detroit Medical Center, tests cholesterol levels should at least include High Density Lipoprotein, the good cholesterol and Low Density Lipoprotein, the bad cholesterol. Usually, the area of concern in this test is the exact amount of bad cholesterol as it more or less determines how unhealthy a patient is and what dietary adjustments a patient should make to control his or her cholesterol levels. Do-it-yourself genetic testing also has major flaws especially in the validation of results. Based on a report cited by Dr. Andrew Weil in his website, a congressional investigation found out that certain firms who are selling home genetic testing kits were produced clinically invalid results. These results, if not checked, can lead to false assumptions of a patient regarding his or her suspected disease. For example, a false positive result of a home genetic test which shows that a woman has a genetic mutation that can lead to breast cancer can make her feel overly worried even though she the results are not factual. On the other hand, a false negative home genetic test result may cause a patient to ignore a potential disease he or she has contracted since he or she believed the test results which are, in fact, invalid. However, despite these issues and controversies however, both the demand and popularity of home test kits are significantly growing. One reason for this popularity, according to Walton Crocker’s article, is that these home test kits provide privacy for patients with possible diseases. People who suspect that they have illnesses or diseases, such as Hepatitis and HIV, would rather want to confirm their suspicions at home through the use of do-it-yourself test kits than go to a doctor and risk other people finding out about their possible disease. The greater convenience and the less time spent are also major factors that contribute to the popularity of home test kits. Furthermore, while doctors and health care professionals are pleased that the diagnosis of certain diseases can be done at home, a major cause of concern is that some patients do not consult a doctor even if they exhibit symptoms of a particular disease mainly because they tested negative in the home test kit. The Detroit Medical Center also raised another concern that patients who use home testing kits think of themselves more as â€Å"consumers† than patients as they can purchase these kits from pharmacies and other drug companies. This basically defeats the primary role of the doctor which is to evaluate a patient’s health condition, diagnose his or her possible diseases, and prescribe a treatment that would eventually cure him or her. Moreover, some companies, especially those accessible online, claim that they are licensed by the government to operate but they are really not. Basically, all the issues, inaccuracies, and flaws of do-it-yourself kits suggest that patients who use them don’t always get the whole story regarding their health condition. The results that patients obtain from these kits are merely bits and pieces of the possible disease or condition that they may have. Doctors still know best  Generally, despite the accessibility of the home testing kits and the convenience that they provide, it is best to consult a doctor first before making conclusions regarding a disease. A patient may test negative for a certain home test kit but the symptoms he or she exhibits may prove otherwise only if he or she consults a doctor, who is the best person to evaluate your health condition. The results of a cholesterol do-it-yourself kit may provide a patient with the amount of cholesterol in his or her body, but it does not say which type of cholesterol he or she has in excess. The patient may have more of the bad cholesterol than the good cholesterol or vice versa, but he or she will never know unless his or her blood is tested in an actual laboratory. Although do-it-yourself kits can give patients an idea about the status of their health, according to the Detroit Medical Center, the tests done on an actual laboratory with certified and experienced professionals is still the best, safest, and most accurate way to diagnose any disease or medical condition. In his article, Walton Crocker suggests that before buying any home test kit, it is best to first consult a doctor to first assess the accuracy and reliability of the home test kit and also evaluate the condition of the patient. Furthermore, patients should also inform a pharmacist of the medications they are taking as some medications can give false negative or false positive results in home test kits.

The Clash Of Two Cultures essays

The Clash Of Two Cultures essays In the early 1600's, different cultures came to "The New World", in search of many different things, freedom of religion, to look for the Indies,in search of treasure and many more.When these "white men" came to the America's change for the Native Americans did not happen all at once, but over time the traditional way of everyday life changed for the Native Americans.Wonder, and curiosity rather than bitterness were some of the first expressions when these different cultures came into first contact. The great barriers of religion, ethics, language and values are some of the biggest factors that divided the Indians and Explorers from eachother. According to the puritan's beliefs, God has already chose which people will have salvation. Native American's however, believe that everyone is the same and that no single person is better than another. The belief's of these two groups were also carried out differently, the Puritan's relied on their bible, and the Native americans relied on oral transmission of their theolgy. The Native Americans worshipped their own "great spirit", that took refrence for all living and once living things.The Puritan's however hold their bible literal and sacred, they saw the worship of other living things or than God as sinly, and therefore held the Native American society as a society drowning in sin. Moral And ethical values also differed greatly between the two societys, explorers didn't understand the barbaric ways of the Indians, and the Indian's didn't understand why the explorers viewed their lack of clothing, and organized worship as "savage". Language, a huge barrier always made it hard for the society's to communicate with eachother. Soon, the "invaders" found a way to somewhat communicate with Native American sign language, but this did not always mean they understood eachother. No matter how hard these two cultures tried there was always the language barrier holdin ...

How to Get a Job in Another State

How to Get a Job in Another State Maybe your partner or your spouse is being transferred. Maybe you’re just graduating from a far-off college and want to live and work closer to home. Or maybe you just need a change of scenery. For most people, the most stressful and important part about moving is finding employment in a new city. Unless you work remotely, this can be tricky. Here are 6 ways you can make potential employers confident in hiring you as an out-of-state applicant.1. Ditch your home address.At best, your home address is irrelevant to your qualifications for the job. At worst, it could turn off hiring managers who don’t want to pay relocation expenses, or aren’t sure about your commitment or ability to move and start in a timely fashion.If you absolutely need a home address, you can get yourself a local mailbox that will forward to you through Mailboxes, Etc. If your phone number is holding you back, you can get a Google phone number with the area code of your target state.2. Do your r esearch.The more you know about the place you want to go the better. What are the major industries? What does the job market look like? Figure out through the Chambers of Commerce and the state or city’s Office of Economic Development which jobs are hot and therefore easier to land. If you don’t know where exactly you want to move, research instead what states and cities are best for the field you want to work in. Finally, see if it feels like a place where you would really want to live.Check out the following:Top 5 Jobs in the WestTop 5 Jobs in the NortheastTop 5 Jobs in the SouthwestTop 5 Jobs in the MidwestTop 5 Jobs in the Southeast3. Grow your network.Tap into your existing network to mine for contacts who might be able to help you get your foot in the door somewhere else- particularly your alumni network. Ask for email introductions to local companies or contacts. Visit if you can. No matter what, start building your own network there through social media sites a nd LinkedIn. Join a local meet-up or LinkedIn group for updates.4. Take care of your own moving logistics.To avoid missing out on opportunities with companies that don’t want to pay to help you move, there are ways to let them know you’re willing to handle the move logistics and expenses yourself. A line in your cover letter addressing the issue works. You could always make it clear that you are already living in the city, staying with a friend or subletting, pending your job search.If you can be there physically, it’s never inappropriate to mention when you’ll be there and available for an interview. Employers will be much more eager to hire you if they don’t have to pay for relocation.5. Be smart about money.Figure out the logistics of your financial situation in your new state before you get there. Bone up on the relative cost-of-living, the average salary range for your industry and role, how far your money will go when you live there, and how much you require. Figure out your target state’s tax code to assess your liabilities.6. Assure them you  will be moving.Remember, no potential employer wants to hear you waffling. Be willing to talk about it- and when you do, be honest. Don’t make promises to interview if you cannot make it. Ask instead for a Skype interview, if possible. But do make sure to make it clear that you are moving, not just that you’re considering it. Make them know you’re as safe a bet as someone already living down the street.

Keeping staff motivated Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Keeping staff motivated - Essay Example The organization’s management has to understand its staff’s behavior to motivate the employees successfully. Therefore, numerous organizations experience problems when it comes to motivating the staff, as the process can be complicated. An organization with motivated staff will be successful in achieving its objectives. Lack of motivation leads to inefficiency, absenteeism and a stressful work environment, therefore, resulting to an unproductive staff (Stecher and Rosse, 2007). This paper will discuss the problem that organizations face in staff motivation and the different methods that can be employed to ensure that an organization’s employees are motivated to work efficiently and productively. When an organization’s personnel is unmotivated, there are more incidences of absenteeism, wastage of time, inefficiency and low quality work. This can lead to huge losses for the organization. On the other hand, motivated employees are excited about the nature of their work and they will work hard without supervision. They are also able to find new ways of completing tasks or solving problems. Therefore, motivation is important in enhancing creativity among the employees. Staff motivation is crucial at the work place, since the employees are enthusiastic about their work, thus putting in some extra effort in their work. This ensure that quality work is produced, thus enhancing efficiency and increasing the organization’s overall performance. Take the example of the Japanese Automobile Industry where fewer workers are required due to high productivity. Analysts have found out that Japanese workers are highly motivated, therefore, requiring very few employees in the aut omobile industry. Highly motivated employees are more satisfied with their jobs than demotivated ones. Managers have realized that job satisfaction goes hand in hand with high levels of commitment and low employee

Childhood Obesity in America Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Childhood Obesity in America - Research Proposal Example The number of cases in past three decades have raised to three times. It is unfortunate that the rate of incidence obesity is reported to be exceptionally high for the minor population i.e. the population belonging to the age group between 2 to 18 years. It is also reported that 25% of Black and Hispanic kids are flabby (Child Obesity In America). The tern emerged for these exceptionally fat children as super-obesity and it has take a toll with a rise of 100% in past 20 years. It is evident that when these kids will grow they are going to be obese adults (Child Obesity In America). Such overweight kids start reporting with the problems of high blood lipids, insulin resistance, elevated blood pressure, and other troubles. The jeopardy of an high blood cholesterol concentration is maximum amongst children with body loads more than 90th percentile (Child Obesity In America). Reports illustrate that around 7 million American children and teenagers are supposed to have elevated cholestero l concentrations. If LDL concentration rises at young age and when these kids grow as adults they are bound to have prominent LDL cholesterol intensities (Child Obesity In America). ... Besides these critical issues the obese child also witness physical health issues and social troubles (Child Obesity In America). Morbidly obese children also suffer from emotional distress and this results in their profuse eating habits. It is observed that obese children relish a lot if they get all the eatable they wish for. They develop a tendency to eat constantly and do not feel satisfied even after eating a large full meal. It is reported that eating behavior of children have considerably altered over the past twenty years or so. Children are achieving a greater percentage of their calories from junk foods and snacks, these food items have high proportion of fat, salt and sugar (Child Obesity In America). The most favorite food items for kids in today's scenario are ice creams, soda pop, hamburgers, cheeseburgers, pizza, French fries made of potatoes that is full of starch, shakes that are sugar syrups, chips, and candy bars. These food items are devoid of fibers and are rich in fats and cholesterol. Children do not like to eat raw fruits and salads. They like to opt for juice with sugar from these juices fibers are being strained out. They do not like salads and vegetables, if they eat fruits and vegetables they eat with toppings of cream and sugar or with ice-cream (Child Obesity In America). Additionally, Children have developed a tendency to eat more and they are not satisfied with the little amount of food they consume. Estimates reveal that the average size of the food items have been enhanced three times i.e. from 50 to 135 calories, apart from food items augmentation in beverage serving has also enhanced from 8 to 20 ounces. With the increase in diet the body is also increasing in girth making the children to develop