Biography of José Santos Zelaya

Josà © Santos Zelaya (1853-1919) was a Nicaraguan dictator and president from 1893 to 1909. His record is a mixed one: the country progressed in terms of railroads, communications, commerce, and education, but he was also a tyrant who jailed or assassinated his critics and stirred up rebellions in neighboring nations. By 1909 his enemies had multiplied enough to drive him from office, and he spent the rest of his life in exile in Mexico, Spain, and New York. Early Life Josà © was born into a wealthy family of coffee growers. They were able to send Josà © to the best schools, including some in Paris, which was quite the fashion for young Central Americans of means. Liberals and Conservatives were feuding at the time, and the country was ruled by a series of Conservatives from 1863 to 1893. Josà © joined a Liberal group and soon rose to a position of leadership. Rise to the Presidency The Conservatives had held onto power in Nicaragua for 30 years, but their grip was beginning to loosen. President Roberto Sacasa (in office 1889-1893) saw his party splinter when former President Joaquà ­n Zavala led an internal revolt: the result was three different Conservative presidents at different times in 1893. With the Conservatives in disarray, the Liberals were able to seize power with the assistance of the military. Forty-year-old Josà © Santos Zelaya was the Liberals’ choice for President. Annex of the Mosquito Coast Nicaragua’s Caribbean coast had long been a bone of contention between Nicaragua, Great Britain, the United States and the Miskito Indians who made their home there (and who gave the place its name). Great Britain declared the area a protectorate, hoping eventually to establish a colony there and perhaps construct a canal to the Pacific. Nicaragua has always claimed the area, however, and Zelaya sent forces to occupy and annex it in 1894, naming it the Province of Zelaya. Great Britain decided to let it go, and although the US sent some Marines to occupy the city of Bluefields for a while, they, too, retreated. Corruption Zelaya proved to be a despotic ruler. He drove his Conservative opponents into ruin and even ordered some of them arrested, tortured and killed. He turned his back on his liberal supporters, instead surrounding himself with like-minded crooks. Together, they sold concessions to foreign interests and kept the money, siphoned off of lucrative state monopolies, and increased tolls and taxes. Progress It wasn’t all bad for Nicaragua under Zelaya. He built new schools and improved education by providing books and materials and raising teacher salaries. He was a big believer in transportation and communication, and new railroads were built. Steamers carried goods across the lakes, coffee production boomed, and the country prospered, especially those individuals with connections to President Zelaya. He also built up the national capital at neutral Managua, leading to a decrease in the feuding between traditional powers Leà ³n and Granada. Central American Union Zelaya had a vision of a united Central America—with himself as President, of course. To this end, he started stirring up unrest in neighboring countries. In 1906, he invaded Guatemala, allied with El Salvador and Costa Rica. He supported a rebellion against the government of Honduras, and when that failed, he sent the Nicaraguan army into Honduras. Together with the El Salvadoran Army, they were able to defeat the Hondurans and occupy Tegucigalpa. The Washington Conference of 1907 This prompted Mexico and the United States to call for the Washington Conference of 1907, at which a legal body called the Central American Court was created to solve disputes in Central America. The small countries of the region signed an agreement not to meddle in one another’s affairs. Zelaya signed but did not stop trying to stir up rebellions in neighboring countries. Rebellion By 1909 Zelaya’s enemies had multiplied. The United States considered him an impediment to their interests, and he was despised by Liberals as well as Conservatives in Nicaragua. In October, Liberal General Juan Estrada declared a rebellion. The United States, which had been keeping some warships close to Nicaragua, quickly moved to support it. When two Americans who were among the rebels were captured and killed, the US broke off diplomatic relations and once again sent Marines into Bluefields, ostensibly to protect US investments. Exile and Legacy of Josà © Santos Zelaya Zelaya, no fool, could see the writing on the wall. He left Nicaragua in December of 1909, leaving the treasury empty and the nation in shambles. Nicaragua had much foreign debt, most of it to European nations and Washington sent experienced diplomat Thomas C. Dawson to sort things out. Eventually, the Liberals and Conservatives returned to bickering, and the US occupied Nicaragua in 1912, making it a protectorate in 1916. As for Zelaya, he spent time in exile in Mexico, Spain, and even New York, where he was briefly jailed for his role in the deaths of the two Americans in 1909. He died in 1919. Zelaya left a mixed legacy in his nation. Long after the mess he had left had been cleared up, the good remained: the schools, the transportation, the coffee plantations, etc. Even though most Nicaraguans hated him in 1909, by the late twentieth-century opinion of him had improved enough for his likeness to be featured on Nicaragua’s 20 Cordoba note. His defiance of the United States and Great Britain over the Mosquito Coast in 1894 contributed greatly to his legend, and it is this act which is still remembered most about him today. Memories of his dictatorship have also faded due to subsequent strongmen taking over Nicaragua, such as Anastasio Somoza Garcà ­a. In many ways, he was a precursor to the corrupt men that followed him into the President’s chair, but their malfeasance eventually overshadowed his. Sources: Foster, Lynn V. New York: Checkmark Books, 2007. Herring, Hubert. A History of Latin America From the Beginnings to the Present. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1962.

Towards the end of the Gospel of John, John writes his...

Towards the end of the Gospel of John, John writes his purpose: â€Å"Now Jesus did many other signs in the presence of the disciples, which are not written in this book; but these are written so that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and that by believing you may have life in his name.† Along with these signs, Jesus fulfilled Jewish Festivals. This paper will look at the three feasts mentioned in John (Passover, Tabernacles, and Dedication) traditional backgrounds and how Jesus is their fulfilling of them in his Gospel. Passover is the celebration feast, which the Hebrews recall how God had liberated them from their bondage of slavery in Egypt. The Hebrew name for this feast is â€Å"Pesach†, which translates literally†¦show more content†¦This annual feast comes to full completion in Jesus Christ, who is the ultimate lamb and completer of the Passover. Within in the first chapter of the Gospel of John, a reader begins to see Jesus as the fulfiller of Passover. John the Baptizer â€Å"saw Jesus coming toward him, and said, ‘Behold, the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world!’† The Baptizer knew and declared that Jesus was the long awaited Messiah, the ultimate Pascal Lamb, and the fulfillment of the Old Testament Feast of Passover. The Gospel writer, John, has proven this in particular in the last of three Passovers he records. The information is going to take what information is learned from above and how it is both applied to the person of Christ and the events that surround his last week of life, which is normally called Passion Week. The Passover is fulfilled by Jesus throughout His Passion Week. Jesus, like the lamb for the nation, he came from Bethany, where He had just risen Lazarus, and was on his way to Jerusalem. He was surrounded by a massive crowd, who â€Å"took branches of palm trees and went out to meet him, crying out, ‘Hosanna! Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord, even the King of Israel!’† Following this entry to Jerusalem, â€Å"just as the Passover Lamb was put on public display for four days, Jesus stood in the temple for fourShow MoreRelatedThe Acts of the Apostles and Religious Intolerance Essay2056 Words   |  9 Pagesunder the impulse of the Holy Spirit. Although many of us may think that the issues of sectarianism are new, the Acts of the Apostles shows clearly religious intolerance over two thousand years ago. In this respect, it is comparable and informative for moral life in the twenty-first century. One of the most influential characters in Acts, who is closely linked to the issues of sectarianism, is Peter. However, before I look at his role, the word sectarianism has been definedRead MoreBook Review on Transforming Mission4544 Words   |  19 Pagesintends to analyze the writings of David J. 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My ghosts of Thanksgiving Past and Present Essay Example For Students

My ghosts of Thanksgiving Past and Present Essay My ghosts of Thanksgiving Past and Present Essay Holidays have always been important in my life. I can remember every Christmas and Thanksgiving since I was real young. Each memory holds a special place in my heart as well as every one in the future also. Thanksgiving has also been my favorite holiday since I love to eat and somehow it always brought my family together. It wasnt until recently my holidays changed forever. I was raised in family that felt that holidays were meant to be special and spent with the ones you love. When I was a little girl my thanksgiving day would start bright and early. Id wake up to hear the sound of my Dad putting the turkey in the oven. He almost acted like an alarm clock because I would be up following around my dad. After preparing the turkey wed make cappuccino and watch the parades on TV. Later on, everyone else would get up and wed finish the rest of the dinner preparations. Every Holiday I would be in the Kitchen trying to attempt to help but I always just did a good job of getting in the way. After being scolded I would retire to my room and pout until my other family and cousins would arrive. I have three younger boy cousins and when we got together all we could do right was raise hell. It was always a sight to see all the stress we put on everyone else, especially my Grandmother. My Grandmother, whom we affectionately call MeMa, was always the life of the party. She was always the best at driving everyone nuts. You really have to know her to understand but she was about two bricks shy of a full load. She is your classic small town gossip, Oprah watching, hypochondriac. One lesson I have learned through out my life is that you never ask MeMa How are you? She would go on for hours about her asthma or arthritis it was actually quite entertaining. Im glad that shes still around today because my holiday would never be the same without her in it. A Holiday just wouldnt be one if my older brother and I didnt get in a fight. We hated each other when we were young and couldnt ever speak a cordial word to each other. I remember one specific Thanksgiving when we argued over watching Football or Charlie Brown Christmas. It was a mess, there was hair and spit flying everywhere. The actual meal was like watching a boxing fight. My Grandma would always start the fights with a nonsense rude comment and get my Aunt and Mother all riled up for a fight. As I got older and my brother reached his Im a teen and I know everything stage wed always get blessed with some intelligent knowledge from him. The food wouldnt start flying until my family would get into a big religion argument. My Uncle, whom is hardcore Christian; my Grandma, whom is just crazy and likes a fight, would always get into it with my Father who is Atheist. They would go on for HOURS! The conversation would immediately be silenced by my Grandfather (Pa Pa). Now my Pa Pa doesnt say much, he really doesnt get the chance, being around my Grandma and all. He would simply stand up from the table and say, yall hush now, Im tired of hearin bout it. It was amazing how such a little man had some much power in my family. The best part of the day was after dinner when my Uncle would get out his banjo, my father his guitar, and My Papa would play his string base. .u99603373758fce524af945c70600644b , .u99603373758fce524af945c70600644b .postImageUrl , .u99603373758fce524af945c70600644b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u99603373758fce524af945c70600644b , .u99603373758fce524af945c70600644b:hover , .u99603373758fce524af945c70600644b:visited , .u99603373758fce524af945c70600644b:active { border:0!important; } .u99603373758fce524af945c70600644b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u99603373758fce524af945c70600644b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u99603373758fce524af945c70600644b:active , .u99603373758fce524af945c70600644b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u99603373758fce524af945c70600644b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u99603373758fce524af945c70600644b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u99603373758fce524af945c70600644b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u99603373758fce524af945c70600644b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u99603373758fce524af945c70600644b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u99603373758fce524af945c70600644b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u99603373758fce524af945c70600644b .u99603373758fce524af945c70600644b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u99603373758fce524af945c70600644b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Our Declining Education System Essay We would all gather around with our pumpkin pie and sing Christmas songs and other classics. They all sang so well and it was amazing how my whole family would just come together, put aside differences, and become one voice. Now that you have a taste of my thanksgiving background and I can now fast forward to present day thanksgiving holidays. Within the past two years I have gained a person at my thanksgiving table but lost people also. Thanksgiving 1999 was spent at my .

LET THE SKY FALL SEQUESTRATION AS THE PRACTICE THAT SHOULD BE ABANDONED ONCE AND FOR ALL

There is hardly anything that people take for granted as easily as the state budget. Indeed, what the state budget is being spent on, as well as what cuts it is supposed to undergo and due to what factors does not interest an average citizen of the USA in the least. When it comes to cutting on the bare necessities and the everyday facilities, as well as raising the costs for services, the results sequestration become obvious, which leads to another bunch of economical, financial and political problems to solve.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Let the Sky Fall: Sequestration as the Practice That Should be Abandoned Once and for All specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Although demanding that a person should pay for certain services and pay the debts that the person has made is a rather legitimate demand, the idea of sequestration is still too severe a measure to impose on a person. In addition, some of the aspects of sequestration can lead to people questioning its actual usefulness and the reasonability if sequestering the state budget. Despite the fact that currently, the U.S. government and the President insist on the need to sequestrate the budget, the results of the given procedure may turn out even more drastic than expected. Even though budget sequestration might lead to getting financial help for the state to cover the expenses, the costs that the USA will not be worth the effort. To start with, the process of sequestration needs a definition. Described as â€Å"a process of automatic, largely across-the-board spending reductions to meet or enforce certain budget policy goals† (Saturno and Heniff 17–4), sequestration does not seem a fabulous perspective for the U.S. economy. One of the most often expressed concerns about the sequestration concerns the way in which the budget cuts are carried out. According to what Larsen says, these are not just the cuts in budget that the U.S. state authorities talk about, but the cuts in the rates of the budget growth. Therefore, not only the current budget, but also the whole budgeting policy of the United States is threatened once the policy of sequestration becomes an integral part of the American reality. The given event can be the point at which the U.S. economy starts going completely downhill. With the current spending levels as the basis for the future budget to be planned on, the government of the United States will practically reduce the future growth rates of the federal budget (Shick 82). Reconsidering the possible effects of the sequestration policy, one can assume that it might lead to the same deplorable economical situation as the one that the United States faced in 1990 because of the missteps taken in 1980 (Schick 82). To its credit, the sequestration policy has certain positive aspects. No matter how scanty the obtained financial resources will supposedly be, it is still necessary to admit that th e state government is still planning to use this money for the greater good. As the state report says, the budget cuts and the money obtained as a result of the sequestration are going to be used for a noble cause.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To start with, the cuts will serve the purpose of enhancing the state defense program, which is crucial in the light of the increasing tension in the relationships between states. As the report says, 10% ($55 billion) are going to be used for enhancing the defense program. Another important issue that the state is going to address as soon as the state budget increases is the concern for the citizens’ health. Medicare will receive 2% of the revenues in addition to the money that is annually provided to the Medicare by the government. Making $11 million, this money will certainly be of great use for Medicare, helping the latter provide the U.S. citizens top-notch medical services (Congress 4969). It goes without saying that medical services must be improved in accordance with the latest advances in medicine and technology. Therefore, from the given perspective, the sequestration process can be justified. The last, but definitely not the least, the development of educational facilities all over the country is a crucial process that must be encouraged. Though sequestration is not the only way to get the funding for education process development, it is admittedly helpful for education at present. Still, the policy of sequestration does not seem to hold any water. For instance, the governmental authority and the ideas voiced by the President should be brought up when considering the sequestration issue. Although there is sufficient evidence that the sequestration procedure as a result of defaulting on one’s payments seems rather threatening, the actions that the U.S. government is currently undertaking makes th e given threat rather doubtful. According to Larsen’s judgment, â€Å"And all of those threats that the president made earlier about who won’t get paid, and what services would not be provided, are just that: empty threats† (Larsen). Therefore, in addition to all the problems that it causes in the economical and financial spheres, the sequestration legislation does not make the U.S. government look good, either. Hence, another argument against the sequestration reform appears; for the U.S. government to keep its authority and remain trustworthy in the eyes of the American citizens, it is necessary either to keep with the sequestration policy fully, or to reject the given policy. Given the absurdity of some of the existing governmental projects, such as â€Å"Moroccan pottery classes, an empty airport at Lake Murray State Park in Oklahoma, a robot squirrel funded through the National Science Foundation, or the Alabama Watermelon Queen Tour† (Larsen), it mu st be admitted that enhancing the policy on sequestration is not the best way for the U.S. government to prove its reasonability and regain its authority.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Let the Sky Fall: Sequestration as the Practice That Should be Abandoned Once and for All specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, the aspect of trust in the American government is not the only reason for the latter to change their policy on sequestration; as the recently obtained data shows, the money that the sequestration process brings to the state authorities is quickly dispersed among several departments, split into rather small amounts (Dewhurst and Rausch 67). Therefore, the value of the money that has been obtained in the process of sequestration reduces; being split between several departments, this money can hardly buy a required tool or pay for the long-awaited project. Bringing little to no profit for the governmen t, this money can hardly help improve the situation regarding the federal debt: The rest of the outlay reduction of $1.2 trillion triggered by the sequestration will be applied over the next ten years. But even with that reduction, the federal debt is projected by the Congressional Budget Office to be a staggering $26 trillion. (Larsen) Because of the drastic situation with the Federal debt, even the results of sequestration will not help improve the financial situation and solve the existing problems (Mauro 36). While using the money that have been sequestered from the mortgage owners does allow for sufficient financial support for certain projects, the amount of the Federal debt is still too great to be handled with such little sum of money that can be extracted from individuals. As Larsen put it, â€Å"It’s going to hurt individual people and it’s going to hurt the economy over all† (Larsen). While the individuals are going to suffer, their possessions being taken away from them and government leaving them with little to no means of subsistence, the needs of the state are highly unlikely to be addressed anyway. Addressing the issue of sequestration, one must admit that it does not lead to immediate satisfaction of the person who has suffered from a certain offence; moreover, in certain situations, the cost of the sequestrated property is not enough to cover even a half of the losses that have been taken. In their turn, people suffer greatly. Apart from the aspect of humanity, the numerous economical issues are worth bringing up. For instance, the loss of the above-mentioned 1.2 % spending that the Wall Street financial markets will take as a result of the sequestration process is also quite a debatable issue (Naco).Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Moreover, the fact that the sequestered amount of money will disperse among the numerous departments and will hardly suffice for completing any project that bears any significance, is rather disturbing. Taking everything that has been mentioned above into consideration, one must admit that the sequestration law is highly unreasonable and must not be adopted on any account. Works Cited Congress. Congressional Record. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 2010. Print. Dewhurst, Robert E. and John D. Rausch. Encyclopedia of the United States Congress. 2009. Print. Larsen, Richard. Sequestration 101, The Sky Is not Falling. n. d. PDF file. 1 Mar. 2013. Print. Mauro, Paolo. Chipping Away at Public Debt: Sources of Failure and Keys to success in Fiscal Adjustment. New York, NY: John Wiley Sons, 2011. Print. Naco. Federal Budget Sequestration 101. Washington, DC: NACO Virtual Learning Community, 2012. FPD File. 12 Mar. 2013. Retrieved from https://www.naco.org/ Saturno, James and Bi ll Heniff. The Federal Budget Process:  A Description of the Federal and Congressional Budget Processes, Including Timelines. Alexandria, VA: The Capitol Net, Inc. 2009. Print. Shick, Allen. The Federal Budget: Politics, Policy, Process. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, 2007. Print. This essay on Let the Sky Fall: Sequestration as the Practice That Should be Abandoned Once and for All was written and submitted by user Lawson K. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

CVE-2005-0551 Essays

CVE-2005-0551 Essays CVE-2005-0551 Essay CVE-2005-0551 Essay CVE-2005-0551 is privilege lift exposure. On successful development of this exposure aggressor could take complete control over the attacked system and can act every bit normal as the decision maker on the machine. Privilege can be defined as the procedure of verifying the permissions before leting making something ( accessing protected resources ) . User provides some individuality for proof. In instance of Windows, the logged in user certificates can be an individuality to supply entree to the resources ( state meats maps ) . The act of deriving the entree to the protected resources from the application user by working the bug or design defects in the package application is usually referred as the privilege escalation. Privilege lift is a particular sort of privilege escalation referred as perpendicular privilege escalation. In this procedure a low privileged user entree the resources of the high privileged user. The illustration of one such is, the terminal user of the waiter making install/ uninstall of the plans on the machine that he logged in. The merchandise bug may allow higher permissions than the user meant for when supplying a specially crafted input to the applications. Buffer/ stack flood can besides leads to this sort of onslaught. CVE-2005-0551: An application that provides console window information with a long FaceName value may do buffer overflow in WINSRV.dll in csrss.exe procedure. Attacker can work this exposure by specially planing an application that causes buffer overflow and derive the elevated permissions. CVE ( Common Vulnerabilities and exposures ) provides the undermentioned description for the CVE-2005-0551. â€Å"Stack-based buffer flood in Winsrv.dll in the client waiter runtime system procedure of Windows NT4 runing systems allows local users to derive privileges via a specially designed application that provides console window information with a long FaceName value† . CSRSS: Client/ Server runtime subsystem ( csrss.exe ) is a Microsoft Windows NT runing system constituent. CSRSS provides user mode side of the win32 subsystem and is chiefly responsible for Win32 console applications and threading. Buffer Overflow exposure: Whenever a plan efforts to hive away informations beyond the boundaries of a fixed-length buffer, the information is overwritten into the next memory locations. Some times it may overwrite the next buffers and some times variables and in the worst the plan flow which may do a procedure to crash or bring forth wrong consequences. The buffer overproduction may trip the executing of some malicious codification if the aggressor designed the input in such a format to make so. Stack based development: Overflowing the stack by go throughing the statements of size greater than the size of the variable allocated in the stack section we could make that. By making beastly force onslaught on this at some point we could hit the system bid and the parametric quantity values that are passed to the map could really a plan or a arrow to a map that contains some malicious codification. Scale and range of the exposure: The aggressor can research this exposure if he has at least local user permissions on the machine that he wants to assail. Unless he log on to the machine he can non research the exposure. The terminus users where maintain for public entree etc. are largely exposed to the aggressor. Attacker could non assail the machine through Internet or from some other distant location. He needs to be the local user of that machine. Anonymous user can non work this exposure as he can non entree the machine and log in to the machine and run the crafted application. To research the exposure aggressor foremost needs to log in the machine with his certificates on the machine. Then he needs to run a specially designed application to research the exposure. This stack based exposure can be exposed by crashing the csrss.exe procedure and besides providing FaceName of length greater than 32bytes. Once the onslaught is successful, the aggressor gets the complete control over the machine. He can move as the decision maker of that machine. He is free to add new plans, take plans, add new users to the machine group, take the bing users, alter the permissions of the users, take the critical information in the machine, adds the malicious content to the bing informations and so on. Mitigating/ deciding this exposure is really of import as the impact of this would be immense on the waiters those act as the waiter for the terminal clients. The factor that the distant users can non research this exposure of class reduces the surface country of the exposure but the issue is really of import from the security concern. Microsoft Systems it effects: The feat can go on in the undermentioned Microsoft Systems Windows 2000, Windows XP Sp1, Windows XP Sp2, and Windows Server 2003. This exposure is non exposed in Windowss view, windows waiter 2008 and Windows 7 runing systems though the csrss.exe procedure tallies on those machines. Degree of menace posed by this exposure to Microsoft Systems: Attacker can work this exposure and addition unauthorised entree to the resources of the machine. Once the development win he can derive full entree to the machine, and now he is free to change the machine constellation, and scenes. He can add new users to the machine group, take the users from the group and do denial of service onslaught ( as the attested users no more used the services provided by the system ) , add new plans ( these plans can be sniffers that sends the user secret information to the aggressor by listening them in secret ) , take installed plans, entree the cardinal files and deletes those, entree the database and take the database that resides in the machine. How does the feat map? Attacker should log into the terminus that he has entree to, by supplying the certificates ( local user certificates, who has limited entree ) . He so runs a specially designed application to work the exposure with his certificates. The application is designed such that it causes stack flood in winsrv.dll in csrss.exe procedure. After running the application successfully, aggressor additions complete control over the targeted machine. How is the exploit codification delivered to the mark system? This onslaught can non be performed remotely. It does intend that aggressor can non be one of the Internet user or remote user. The system can non be affected because of linking to the Internet. This onslaught is possible if the aggressor is a local ( limited entree ) user of the targeted machine. The purpose of the onslaught is to derive unauthorised entree on the resources that he does non hold entree permissions. The exploit codification will be delivered to the mark system by copying the specially crafted application from any removable media or from mail fond regard. Attacker he himself cognizing will make this to derive the control over the targeted machine. Manage/ mitigate this exposure: This exposure can be mitigated by downloading and put ining the updates available at the following location ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.microsoft.com/technet/security/bulletin/ms05-018.mspx ) . One of the common guidelines to follow are that ever turn on automatic updates, so that the new updates will be automatically downloaded and installed from Microsoft. Restricting the user accounts merely to the attested users can extenuate the job though non wholly. The waiters do non hold job unless non-administrative entree permission is given to login the waiter and running the plans. This is non the recommended best pattern counsel for configuring the waiter. Restricting console entree at the hazardous terminuss can extenuate the job and cut down the surface country of the job. This is a trade-off between the capableness we provide and the security that we want to supply. Mentions: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi? name=CAN-2005-0551 hypertext transfer protocol: //labs.idefense.com/intelligence/vulnerabilities/display.php? id=230 hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privilege_escalation hypertext transfer protocol: //www.watchguard.com/infocenter/editorial/135144.asp CVE-2005-0551 exposure is because of the feat of the stack based buffer flood in winsrv.dll in the client waiter runtime system ( csrss ) procedure of Windows NT4 ( Microsoft server 2000, Windows XP ( SP1 and SP2 ) , windows server 2003 ) systems. Attacker exploits the exposure of the targeted system and gets unauthorised entree to the resources on that machine. Runing the specially designed application to work the exposure of the Windows NT4 systems ( mentioned above ) and deriving entree to the unauthorised resources for that user is nil but the privilege lift. Privilege lift is a type of privilege escalation and the Wikipedia definition of privilege lift is â€Å"A lower privileged user entrees maps, and other resources such as files etc reserved for higher privilege users† . The lower privilege users of the targeted system exploit the exposure and seek deriving the control over the resources of the decision maker of the machine or he can see the contents of other users which he is non supposed to make. On successful development, the local unauthorised user ( non-admin ) can entree the system thrust, add/ remove plans, start new procedure, alter the constellation, add new histories for that machine, take the users, changes the entree rights of the machines, changes the user privileges and so on. It is frequently people design applications that accepts input from the user through console ( by come ining the text input ) , i.e. is a character based user interface. Win32 API ( application plan interface ) offers this and the codification to run this characteristic resides in csrss procedure, a nucleus system procedure. This procedure manages Microsoft client/ waiter runtime waiter subsystem. Winsrv.dll file is responsible for creating/ deleting, pull offing the console windows. The codification in this Anethum graveolens manages these operations. Winsrv.dll contains the win32 user modus operandis and in writing engine modus operandis ( GDI ) . On choosing the belongingss item from the system Menu of a console window, CONSOLE_STATE_INFO construction ( a information construction that contains the information about the console window belongingss ) will be copied into the file-mapping object. This construction contains a nothing terminated threading stipulating the name of the fount, FaceName [ 32 ] . This twine is copied it in to a fixed size stack buffer without any saneness checking. Wcscpy ( ) map do the transcript operation. By providing a twine longer than 32 bytes, the onslaught can be explored ( It is nil but the stack based buffer overflow onslaught ) . Once the onslaught is successful the targeted system will be to the full compromised and the aggressor additions the entree right ( full permissions ) on all sorts of resources that are available to the decision maker of the box. Now he can add, take the plans, install sniffers ( spywares to listen other user activities ) , delete the sensitive content in the system, add the new users in to the system ( he can make a new history for himself as the decision maker on the box so that he need non make the same onslaught for deriving the control once more ) , he can disenable the other user histories so that they can non entree their histories, take permissions of other users ion certain resources and so on. The range of the exposure is high as the non-admin user can acquire administrative permission of the targeted system. Once an unauthorised user gets entree permissions the system can be said as compromised and every possible onslaught is now possible on that system. The system is no more secure to utilize and is extremely recommended to non to utilize. Besides it is difficult for the decision maker to happen it out that the system is compromised unless he sees some harm go on. In the average clip the aggressor can listen the other Sessionss of the attested users by put ining the undercover agent ware.The onslaught is non possible from the Internet or from some other distant locations. The onslaught will merely go on if the user is in the local user group of that machine ( i.e. user should hold some degree of entree on that machine ) . Unauthorized users, those who can non login to the machine can non work the onslaught and compromise the system. Attacker can non load/ run the plan re motely by working this exposure. Attacker who wants to work the exposure at first demands to login with his certificates and so run specially designed application for the onslaught ( the fount name value should be more than 32 bytes to do the stack flood, this is the field that needs to be build to derive the control over the machine ) . On successful development, aggressor additions the control over the targeted machine. Waiters those provide terminal client Sessionss are most prone to this onslaught than the normal waiters and client constellations. The machines that are exposed to the onslaught are: Windows waiter 2003 Windows waiter 2000 Microsoft Windows XP 32 spot edition ( SP1 and Sp2 ) and The version of ntoskrnl.exe is less than 5.1.2600.2622 and is the one non put in the spot KB890851. Microsoft released a new spot ( hotfix ) for this job. The Windowss machines that are exposed to this onslaught should put in the spot KB890851 to extenuate the job. This update removes the exposure by modifying the manner the messages proofs go oning before they pass them to the needed constituents. The best patterns to follow to avoid these sorts of onslaughts are: Keep spots up-to-date i.e. ever turning on Windowss updates and let put ining the new security updates. Need to put the constellation scenes sharply such that though they limit the functionality of the user the system will be more secure. Restrict console entree on public terminuss where security is a concern.This can be accomplished by making the undermentioned register key: HKEY_CURRENT_USERSoftwarePoliciesMicrosoftWindowsSystem Add a DWORD named DisableCMD with the value 1 to disenable bidprompt and batch files or the value 2 to disenable bid prompt butallow batch files. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.microsoft.com/technet/security/bulletin/ms05-018.mspx hypertext transfer protocol: //labs.idefense.com/intelligence/vulnerabilities/display.php? id=230 hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privilege_escalation hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi? name=CAN-2005-0551 hypertext transfer protocol: //oval.mitre.org/repository/data/getDef? id=oval: org.mitre.oval: def:1822 hypertext transfer protocol: //downloads.bsi-fuer-buerger.de/produkte/bosscd/boss2/doc/mitre/CAN/2005/0551.html hypertext transfer protocol: //www.vupen.com/english/Reference-CVE-2005-0551.php

Essay Sample on Human Resource Organizational Research

Essay Sample on Human Resource Organizational Research 1.0 Introduction Member of staff satisfaction and empowerment are fundamental components to businesses in most industries (torraco 85). the industry of construction has an assortment of types of members of staff, varying from administrators and senior managers to on-site overseers and manual workers (beardwell and claydon 53). this study was carried out to achieve a better perceptive regarding the essentials and levels of contentment and empowerment of on-site overseers in the housing industry of construction. an on-site overseer in the housing industry of construction is liable for synchronizing and organizing members of staff, supplies, equipment, making financial arrangements, planning, indentures, and the wellbeing of members of staff and the populace in general (holbeche and springett 12). they are also members of staff most recurrently professed as liable for the triumph or malfunction of any task. trailing a detailed assessment of the correlated writing, a questionnaire was structured to find out the levels of satisfaction and empowerment of on-site controllers. this opinion poll was overseen in the form of an interview and it was revealed that a noteworthy correspondence subsisted amid satisfaction and empowerment. 2.0 Structure of the interview Questions Subjects 1 to 10 were planned to find demographic information concerning the on site controllers. demographic queries that were incorporated in the study aimed at the onsite controller’s age, sex, nuptial standing, edification, industry familiarity, incidence with precedent and current administrators, career title, present position of the profession, and sum of built-up units the interviewee’s company put up per annum. subjects 11, 14, 20, and 28 classified whether the members of staff feel esteemed by the company. subjects 17, 19, and 26 classified if members of staff got adequate training to execute the allocated tasks. subjects 22 and 25 classified the members of staff level of expectations and assurance in administrators and executives. queries 12, 21, and 24 classified if members of staff had the ability to under take the requisite tasks. subjects 13, 15, 18, and 23 classified if members of staff had any contribution or involvement in choosing how their work necess ities will be accomplished. subjects 16 and 27 classified if members of staff are held responsible and answerable for their doings by acme administration. the 18th subjects obliquely measured the on-site controllers’ intensity of satisfaction and empowerment. subject 29 and 30 were straight queries permitting the members of staff to document their level of satisfaction or empowerment. lastly, queries 31, 32 and 33 were accustomed to identify the highest five fundamentals on-site controllers thought led to member of staff satisfaction and empowerment. the main questions, which were 11-30, were accustomed to appraise conduct and point of view of the members of staff. Aforementioned to conducting the interview, deakin university’s institutional review board was made contact with, and authorization was approved to carry out this study. the institute’s board’s key rationale is to protect the civil liberties and interests of human study issues. consistent with university guiding principles, any study considered to seek information from individual subjects must be pre-commended by a review commission. 3.0 Findings One of the functions of this study was to find out if the on-site controller in the housing construction industry were contented with their employment. the study confirmed that when on-site controllers were requested to gauge their level of satisfaction rooted in one undeviating subject, one on-site controller acted in response as satisfied, whereas the other acted in response as unsatisfied. A different intention of this study was to find out if on-site controllers in the housing construction industry were sanctioned enough to accomplish post tasks. the information discovered that when on-site controllers were requested to gauge their level of empowerment rooted in one undeviating subject, one on-site controller acted in response that he was empowered and the other on-site controller accounted that he was neither empowered nor underpowered. from the review, three foremost rudiments that throw in most to members of staff satisfaction were acknowledged. these three basics, in no exacting arrangement, were: worth, implying an employee’s insight of his importance to the firm (saks 600) and (purcell 54). training, connoting the quantity and eminence of training a member of staff gets from the firm. management, denoting the self-assurance a member of staff has in persons in charge and administrators of the firm as well as the maintenance the administrators and executives give the members of staff (gubman 42) and (brown 26). these fundamentals of satisfaction were not particular to the industry of construction. this study also exposed the peak basics on-site controllers feel put in most to members of staff satisfaction. the pinnacle five factors in order of implication are:   recognition and positive reception. this matches with an on-site controller being accredited by the administration in one way or another for carrying out tasks and tasks.   financial reimbursement. this denotes the reparation an on-site controller obtains in the course of a yearly salary and end of year extras.   work surroundings. this comprise regularly of the working association an on-site controller has with colleagues.   encroachment prospects. this incorporates not only elevating in the firm but undertaking more accountability within a specified work depiction.   remuneration and perquisites, which incorporate the whole lot from healthiness packages to automobile stipends. from the review of the literature, the three main aspects that put in nearly all members of staff empowerment were acknowledged. these three aspects, in no exact sequence, were: authority, implying the intensity of control given to an on-site controller for purpose of accomplishing job tasks. involvements, meaning the level of involvement and contribution on-site controllers have concerning their job tasks. accountability, meaning the conscientiousness and answerability an on-site controller has been given in regards to projects and tasks related to the job. this study in addition exposed the apex facets on-site controllers feel put in most to employee empowerment. the facets are:   lack of restrictions and independence   sharing of information.   guidance   supremacy and control.   administration support. 4.0 Satisfaction and Empowerment Correlation Derived from the review and the outcome of this study, when an employer sanctions the on-site controllers, an affirmative response should take place (fisher 1). for the reason that an on-site controller ought to now be empowered, the eminence of the product or services offered ought to boost since the increase in accountability, incentive, and satisfaction empowerment necessitates. ingenious and inventive thoughts should compel the constant enhancement of procedures, products, and services (cufaude 25). members of staff should be capable of rapidly gratifying client demands, hence improving client contentment and rising sales and the sine qua non. additionally, as the altitude of empowerment boosts, the echelon of contentment should also augment (bowditch and buono 78). this boost in fulfillment should decrease employee turnover and non-attendance, maintaining projects on time and at an elevated level of excellence. work-site safety should also advance and member of staff should be prolific. 5.0 Evaluation Summary This study has raised key aspects member of staff can concentrate on to perk up the level of satisfaction and empowerment of its members of staff. it was also revealed that a connection subsists amid empowerment and satisfaction, and the augmentation of one of the variables has a direct upshot on the other. as a result, by improving contentment, empowerment will be optimistically impinged on; and correspondingly, when on-site controllers are sanctioned, their job fulfillment perks up. Different suggestions for future study are suggested by the results of this study. the first proposal would be to get more detailed with the study. for instance, this study could be aimed at on-site controllers who only work for minute-capacity housing companies of construction. an additional suggestion would be to carry out the study with construction members of staff whose occupation tasks fluctuate from those of an on-site controller. these studies may include construction manual workers, estimators, central administration, or senior managers. lastly, another correlated subject for future study recommended by this report would be to get hold of a clearer perceptive of administration’s outlook toward contented and sanctioned members of staff. are the alleged advantages of contentment and empowerment prevailed over by the expenses? perchance by making out and surveying a corporation in the industry of construction that identifies with and implements the aspects that lead to member of staff fulfillment and empowerment, new perceptive about members of staff contentment and empowerment and their execution course of action would be revealed. 6.0 Work Cited Beardwell, j. and claydon, t. human resource management: a modern approach. 5th ed. harlow, prentice hall. 2007. 53. print. Bowditch, j. and buono, a. a primer on organizational behavior. 5th ed. new york: john wiley. 2001. 78. print. Brown, r. doing your exposition in business and management: the realism of studying and writing. london: sage. 2006. 26. print. Cufaude, j. in lanphear, s. are your employees highly engaged? credit union executive newsletter. usa: credit union national association. 2004. 25. print. Fisher, c. studying and writing an exposition for business students. harlow, prentice hall. 2004. 19, 1-2. print. Gubman, e. from engagement to passion for work: the search for the missing person. human resources planning. 2004. pp42. print. Holbeche, l. and springett, n. in search of meaning in the workplace. horsham: roffey park. 2003. 12. print. Purcell, j. change agenda, reflections on employee engagement. london, cipd. 2006. print. Saks, a.m. antecedents and consequences of employee engagement. journal of managerial psychology. 2006. vol 21, no 6, pp600. print. Torraco, r.j. work design theory: a review and critique with implications for human resource development. human resource development quarterly. 2005. vol 16, no 1, pp85. print.

Unit 4 a Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Unit 4 a - Coursework Example The intensity of an ethical issue rests on the effect of a decision to the most number of people—or most number of stakeholders. The more stakeholders are concerned, the greater the scope which is to include the whole society, the more people to incorporate the decision which will determine its acceptability, thus determine its intensity as an ethical issue. In starting up with using an ethical decision-making framework, the stakeholders are first identified. The intensity of the ethical issue rests on the effect to most number of people, which is why it is one of the inputs to be considered. The system in which will determine the output or a decision will be determined by the interaction of the organizational factors and individual factors. For one, the individual factors will determine the values, interests and other personal factors that will influence his or her decision. Apart from these values, the context the organizational factors provide will guide as to what individual values will be acceptable in coming up with a decision. The pressure in order to conform to a higher set of values which is determined by the organizational factors will set the gears of the decision-making process. According to these larger set of values, which of an individual values is seen as more important to be emphasized and taken in consideration when coming up with a decision? The interaction of these will establish a system. The upcoming opportunity to an organization is seen to provide benefits to the organization. The opportunity is considered an input because of the benefits it can provide for the organization. With these benefits, the interests of different stakeholders will be determined, and up to what point an interest will be served by the benefit. As for the equality of the distribution of benefits to different stakeholders, this will be the result of interaction of the

Cultural Diversity in Perris, Ca Research Paper

Cultural Diversity in Perris, Ca - Research Paper Example My research will be just a curtain raiser of the current scenario in the modernized community existing in the city of Perris. (California’s cultural resources, n.d) The research is based on the study of culture, which I belong to, and the task is to analyze the cultural diversity existing in the community. The role of racism will be ploughed in different sectors and a relationship between the different members of the community will be portrayed in the following sections. It will also illustrate the qualities of a leader and their role in bringing sustainability in future. The offensive smell of racial discrimination may be transformed into a sweet fragrance of unity in diversity. Hailing from a white American culture, I have observed the physical differences of people from my culture from people who are different with respect to race, creed or religion. Among the other races, the ethnic and racial mix comprises of Hispanic, African American, American Indian and Filipino. In comparisons to my race, the physical traits of people belonging to the Hispanic culture usually possess dark brown hair, light skin and brown eyes. They are usually tanned or dark in complexion. We are generally in possession of white skin color. This has rather become a symbolism of my race. On the other hand, there are other Hispanics who resembles me, in terms of character traits. Hispanics is a type of ethnicity and not a race. The African Americans generally have curly hair, and very black and sun burnt skin color. They have been born from black family of Africa. Again, the physical traits of Filipino are characterized by blonde hair, blue eyes, pale skin and pointed nose. They even resemble the Chinese culture sometimes having a blunt nose, almond shaped eyes. Their face looks much like an oval shaped geometric figure. The Indian American has a sharp feature of an aquiline nose, brown skin, and circular, intense eyes. Though there are some who have a fixed

Free

Free Fall Essay The purpose of this experiment is to understand why we have variances in measurements and how to reduce the variances. When taking a measurement there are multiple factors that affect its value. The more the measurement is taken the measurements average is closer to the actual value. Other factors include the instruments calibration, cleanliness of the inside of the measuring arms and human error in reading the measurements off of the measuring devices. For this experiment, we followed the procedures as indicated in the lab manual. Data Results/Comparison to Theory / Answers The caliper and the micrometer were checked for the calibration. The results showed zero offset before and after experiment. Since there are differences in the measured data; the calculation of density varies. There are 3 variables that we have to take into account for calculating the density of the copper rod. The length plays the largest role in the uncertainty of the copper rod’s density since it has the largest deviation. The Vernier calipers were the most accurate because it showed the smallest deviation. Our experiment carried out exactly how the theory explained it would. We measured the same part a multitude of times and received varying data. Calculating the density from the averaged data made the value more accurate, and when combined with the standard deviation; our values for density became that much more accurate.

The Light In The Forest :: The Light In The Forest

The Light In The Forest  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      Conrad Richter's book, The Light In The Forest, is about a boy from Pennsylvania who was adopted into an Indian family. After a long period of time, True Son had to go back to his white family. The ordeal in the story is that he wanted to go back to the Indians and not stay in the white village. When he came back, he made a big mistake and got kicked out of the Indian village. In my opinion, Cuyloga made the most difficult decision in the novel when he decided to send True Son away at the end.    My first reason why it was difficult for Cuyloga to make this decision is that he loved his son, and he wanted him to live. He knew True Son didn't mean what he did, but it just happened. So he decided that since he was the father he should take full responsibility for True Son's action. When he wanted the Indians to fight True Son, they didn't. So instead he told True Son he had to leave and not come back. If he came back, he would be killed. Parents have to make difficult decisions for their children because they care for them. If they didn't make decisions, something could happen to the children.    Secondly, it was a difficult decision because Cuyloga thought if he stood there and watched them kill True Son, he couldn't face his family at home. His family would be mad at him if he let the Indians just kill him. He thought if he spared him his life and never saw him again, everything would be okay because he'd be much safer. He chose to make him leave because he cared for True Son. I would have done the same thing for True Son's sake. At least I'd know he was alive and not scalped.

Industrialization and Urbanization of Indian Society

In the recent years, the industrialization and urbanization of Indian society has led to an increase in the concentration of pollutants in the atmosphere. Air pollution is defined as a mixture of solid particles and gases in the air which has harmful and poisonous effects. Various experiments and studies have shown that long term exposure to such air pollution can lead to serious health issues such as: aggravated cardiovascular and respiratory illness, accelerated aging of lungs, diseases like asthma, bronchitis, cancer and a shortened life span. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), over 12 million people die from environmental health risks annually. Air pollution has become the 4th highest risk factor for premature deaths.Such degradation in the air quality levels has made air pollution a serious threat at a global level, especially for the developing countries, towards the sustainability of mankind. This has grabbed the attention of public as well as the government agencies. An air quality index (AQI) is a parameter used by the government agencies to communicate to the public how polluted the air quality currently is and how polluted it is forecast to become. As the AQI of a region increases, an increasingly large percentage of population of that area will experience adverse health effects.Several projects have been launched to combat air pollution in all major countries worldwide. For e.g.: 1): Hebei Air Pollution Prevention and Control Program (HAP- 2016:18) project in China to reduce the emissions of specific pollutants in Hebei; 2): The Odd-Even Scheme implemented by the Indian Government in national capital Delhi (2016). There are ceaseless fighting efforts for air pollution reduction all around the world. As an endeavor on the course of machine learning based air quality forecasting, this report presents an initiative and algorithmic details of various statistical models in solving this challenging problem. The Machine Learning models used in this paper, to facilitate the prediction of pollutant concentrations, include:Linear regressionLogistic RegressionPolynomial regressionRandom Forest ClassificationDecision Tree RegressionDecision Tree ClassificationSupport Vector regressionSupport Vector ClassificationKNN ClassificationWe target our air pollution forecast to the city of Delhi, India as it is at the forefront for battling against air pollution. We focus on predicting the Air Quality Index (AQI) level of Delhi, as it is a quantitative method to profile air pollution level. In order to reduce the pollution levels in Delhi, we will be analyzing 5 pollutants and 5 other environment parameters responsible for increase in AQI levels. The fixed station data is taken for 3 stations namely : NSIT (Dwarka), RK Puram and Shadipur . Objectives:Compare results of Air Quality Index (AQI) values obtained by different regression models and then propose the best model.Classify the dataset into 5 different AQI categories, and then use Classification models to forecast the pollution category for next month.Analyze the most prominent pollutant, using Back Propagation, responsible for air pollution and suggest methods to control it.The rest of this paper is organized as follows: Section II describes related work, and Section III provides background on data sources, participatory sensing systems and details the 5 regression and 5 classification models used in this study. Section IV describes the steps in our model, while model implementation and estimation accuracy is studied in Section V. The paper concludes in Section VI.

Do It Yourself Medical Tests: The Real Story Essay

In the past decade or so, the advancement of technology has resulted in the boom of gadgets such as cellular phones, handheld computers, flat screen television sets and the like. However, this progression is not only evident in entertainment and information devices. In fact, these vast technological developments have also made an impact in the field of medicine and healthcare. Through the years, the introduction and use of highly sophisticated equipment has significantly improved the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, such as cancer. Most of the time, doctors merely have to evaluate their patients and make them undergo a series of machine-based tests to further diagnose the disease or complications. However, more than hospital-based technology, the introduction devices or kits have made it possible for patients to undergo medical tests in the convenience of their own homes. Before, a woman who suspects that she is pregnant had to visit her physician, give him a urine sample and wait for days for the results of the pregnancy tests. Possibly, the only test that could be done at home back then was checking your temperature using a thermometer. Now, however, simple tests like pregnancy tests and blood sugar tests for diabetes can be bought over the counter, which means that patients no longer have to see their doctor often just to undergo these tests. According to the Detroit Medical Center’s online article, Do-It-Yourself Medical Testing Makes Inroads, other do-it-yourself test kits that have been made available for the past years include tests for hepatitis, cholesterol, colon cancer, urinary tract infections and HIV. Impact and Cost of Do-It-yourself Kits  Based on the Detroit Medical Center’s journal, do-it-yourself medical test kits have made a significant impact on patients’ lives, in particular, the amount of time they spend visiting their doctors and the length of availability of the test results. For example, in the past, diabetic patients had to check whether or not there was sugar in their urine to monitor their blood glucose. However, the introduction of testing strips and blood glucose meters, which were usually strapped to a patient’s wrist, made that procedure archaic and provided greater convenience to diabetic patients. The patients can actually measure the changes in their blood sugar without checking their urine and adjust their food intake and medication according to the results of the blood glucose meter. Moreover, based on the article, these meters can monitor blood glucose levels up to six times an hour, decreasing the need to use painful finger pricks, which is one reason why patients hesitate to undergo the test before. In addition, the development of finer lancets and improved meters used for pricking require less of the patient’s blood. Another home test kit that is currently available and commonly used at home is the cholesterol monitoring tests. While this test does not provide an amount of all the cholesterol fractions such as the good cholesterol and the bad cholesterol, it gives a patient a fairly simple overview of his or her cholesterol count. Similarly, home-test kits such as tests for ovulation, fecal occult blood, colon cancer, hepatitis, urinary tract infections, HIV as well as blood pressure monitoring machines, have provided patients with the convenience of diagnosing themselves at home. However, while the do-it-yourself home test kit is a significant addition to society, it also comes with a high price. Based on Walton Crocker’s article, Do’s and Don’ts for Do-It-Yourself Home Medical Testing, which was published in the Associated Content’s website, home medical test kits like cholesterol tests, prostate cancer tests, drug tests, HIV tests, hepatitis C tests, test for blood in the stool, and home monitoring machines, such as blood pressure monitoring machines, have a combined cost of more or less $6. 2 billion a year. Moreover, home blood glucose monitoring alone costs about $5. 7 billion a year. The original blood glucose monitoring machine was enormous in size and had to be strapped to a person’s back. Now, in contrast, this machine is only the size of a key chain. In comparison, a patient spends about $75 to $150 dollars on a regular visit to his or her doctor. However, more often than not, a consultation with the doctor regarding a certain disease also includes a large amount of time spent and possible inconveniences as compared to using home test kits which similarly provide diagnosis of a disease. Furthermore, do-it-yourself genetic testing kits have also been developed. Patients use the kits to scrape cells from the inside cheeks and send it for testing. The results are released through e-mail. Risks and Issues of Do-It-Yourself Tests While modern society has warmly welcomed these vast developments in health and diagnosing certain diseases, there have been a lot of questions regarding their accuracy and reliability. For example, the results of the home testing for blood cholesterol levels only gives patients the over-all amount of cholesterol and not the exact breakdown. According to the Detroit Medical Center, tests cholesterol levels should at least include High Density Lipoprotein, the good cholesterol and Low Density Lipoprotein, the bad cholesterol. Usually, the area of concern in this test is the exact amount of bad cholesterol as it more or less determines how unhealthy a patient is and what dietary adjustments a patient should make to control his or her cholesterol levels. Do-it-yourself genetic testing also has major flaws especially in the validation of results. Based on a report cited by Dr. Andrew Weil in his website, a congressional investigation found out that certain firms who are selling home genetic testing kits were produced clinically invalid results. These results, if not checked, can lead to false assumptions of a patient regarding his or her suspected disease. For example, a false positive result of a home genetic test which shows that a woman has a genetic mutation that can lead to breast cancer can make her feel overly worried even though she the results are not factual. On the other hand, a false negative home genetic test result may cause a patient to ignore a potential disease he or she has contracted since he or she believed the test results which are, in fact, invalid. However, despite these issues and controversies however, both the demand and popularity of home test kits are significantly growing. One reason for this popularity, according to Walton Crocker’s article, is that these home test kits provide privacy for patients with possible diseases. People who suspect that they have illnesses or diseases, such as Hepatitis and HIV, would rather want to confirm their suspicions at home through the use of do-it-yourself test kits than go to a doctor and risk other people finding out about their possible disease. The greater convenience and the less time spent are also major factors that contribute to the popularity of home test kits. Furthermore, while doctors and health care professionals are pleased that the diagnosis of certain diseases can be done at home, a major cause of concern is that some patients do not consult a doctor even if they exhibit symptoms of a particular disease mainly because they tested negative in the home test kit. The Detroit Medical Center also raised another concern that patients who use home testing kits think of themselves more as â€Å"consumers† than patients as they can purchase these kits from pharmacies and other drug companies. This basically defeats the primary role of the doctor which is to evaluate a patient’s health condition, diagnose his or her possible diseases, and prescribe a treatment that would eventually cure him or her. Moreover, some companies, especially those accessible online, claim that they are licensed by the government to operate but they are really not. Basically, all the issues, inaccuracies, and flaws of do-it-yourself kits suggest that patients who use them don’t always get the whole story regarding their health condition. The results that patients obtain from these kits are merely bits and pieces of the possible disease or condition that they may have. Doctors still know best  Generally, despite the accessibility of the home testing kits and the convenience that they provide, it is best to consult a doctor first before making conclusions regarding a disease. A patient may test negative for a certain home test kit but the symptoms he or she exhibits may prove otherwise only if he or she consults a doctor, who is the best person to evaluate your health condition. The results of a cholesterol do-it-yourself kit may provide a patient with the amount of cholesterol in his or her body, but it does not say which type of cholesterol he or she has in excess. The patient may have more of the bad cholesterol than the good cholesterol or vice versa, but he or she will never know unless his or her blood is tested in an actual laboratory. Although do-it-yourself kits can give patients an idea about the status of their health, according to the Detroit Medical Center, the tests done on an actual laboratory with certified and experienced professionals is still the best, safest, and most accurate way to diagnose any disease or medical condition. In his article, Walton Crocker suggests that before buying any home test kit, it is best to first consult a doctor to first assess the accuracy and reliability of the home test kit and also evaluate the condition of the patient. Furthermore, patients should also inform a pharmacist of the medications they are taking as some medications can give false negative or false positive results in home test kits.

The Clash Of Two Cultures essays

The Clash Of Two Cultures essays In the early 1600's, different cultures came to "The New World", in search of many different things, freedom of religion, to look for the Indies,in search of treasure and many more.When these "white men" came to the America's change for the Native Americans did not happen all at once, but over time the traditional way of everyday life changed for the Native Americans.Wonder, and curiosity rather than bitterness were some of the first expressions when these different cultures came into first contact. The great barriers of religion, ethics, language and values are some of the biggest factors that divided the Indians and Explorers from eachother. According to the puritan's beliefs, God has already chose which people will have salvation. Native American's however, believe that everyone is the same and that no single person is better than another. The belief's of these two groups were also carried out differently, the Puritan's relied on their bible, and the Native americans relied on oral transmission of their theolgy. The Native Americans worshipped their own "great spirit", that took refrence for all living and once living things.The Puritan's however hold their bible literal and sacred, they saw the worship of other living things or than God as sinly, and therefore held the Native American society as a society drowning in sin. Moral And ethical values also differed greatly between the two societys, explorers didn't understand the barbaric ways of the Indians, and the Indian's didn't understand why the explorers viewed their lack of clothing, and organized worship as "savage". Language, a huge barrier always made it hard for the society's to communicate with eachother. Soon, the "invaders" found a way to somewhat communicate with Native American sign language, but this did not always mean they understood eachother. No matter how hard these two cultures tried there was always the language barrier holdin ...

How to Get a Job in Another State

How to Get a Job in Another State Maybe your partner or your spouse is being transferred. Maybe you’re just graduating from a far-off college and want to live and work closer to home. Or maybe you just need a change of scenery. For most people, the most stressful and important part about moving is finding employment in a new city. Unless you work remotely, this can be tricky. Here are 6 ways you can make potential employers confident in hiring you as an out-of-state applicant.1. Ditch your home address.At best, your home address is irrelevant to your qualifications for the job. At worst, it could turn off hiring managers who don’t want to pay relocation expenses, or aren’t sure about your commitment or ability to move and start in a timely fashion.If you absolutely need a home address, you can get yourself a local mailbox that will forward to you through Mailboxes, Etc. If your phone number is holding you back, you can get a Google phone number with the area code of your target state.2. Do your r esearch.The more you know about the place you want to go the better. What are the major industries? What does the job market look like? Figure out through the Chambers of Commerce and the state or city’s Office of Economic Development which jobs are hot and therefore easier to land. If you don’t know where exactly you want to move, research instead what states and cities are best for the field you want to work in. Finally, see if it feels like a place where you would really want to live.Check out the following:Top 5 Jobs in the WestTop 5 Jobs in the NortheastTop 5 Jobs in the SouthwestTop 5 Jobs in the MidwestTop 5 Jobs in the Southeast3. Grow your network.Tap into your existing network to mine for contacts who might be able to help you get your foot in the door somewhere else- particularly your alumni network. Ask for email introductions to local companies or contacts. Visit if you can. No matter what, start building your own network there through social media sites a nd LinkedIn. Join a local meet-up or LinkedIn group for updates.4. Take care of your own moving logistics.To avoid missing out on opportunities with companies that don’t want to pay to help you move, there are ways to let them know you’re willing to handle the move logistics and expenses yourself. A line in your cover letter addressing the issue works. You could always make it clear that you are already living in the city, staying with a friend or subletting, pending your job search.If you can be there physically, it’s never inappropriate to mention when you’ll be there and available for an interview. Employers will be much more eager to hire you if they don’t have to pay for relocation.5. Be smart about money.Figure out the logistics of your financial situation in your new state before you get there. Bone up on the relative cost-of-living, the average salary range for your industry and role, how far your money will go when you live there, and how much you require. Figure out your target state’s tax code to assess your liabilities.6. Assure them you  will be moving.Remember, no potential employer wants to hear you waffling. Be willing to talk about it- and when you do, be honest. Don’t make promises to interview if you cannot make it. Ask instead for a Skype interview, if possible. But do make sure to make it clear that you are moving, not just that you’re considering it. Make them know you’re as safe a bet as someone already living down the street.

Keeping staff motivated Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Keeping staff motivated - Essay Example The organization’s management has to understand its staff’s behavior to motivate the employees successfully. Therefore, numerous organizations experience problems when it comes to motivating the staff, as the process can be complicated. An organization with motivated staff will be successful in achieving its objectives. Lack of motivation leads to inefficiency, absenteeism and a stressful work environment, therefore, resulting to an unproductive staff (Stecher and Rosse, 2007). This paper will discuss the problem that organizations face in staff motivation and the different methods that can be employed to ensure that an organization’s employees are motivated to work efficiently and productively. When an organization’s personnel is unmotivated, there are more incidences of absenteeism, wastage of time, inefficiency and low quality work. This can lead to huge losses for the organization. On the other hand, motivated employees are excited about the nature of their work and they will work hard without supervision. They are also able to find new ways of completing tasks or solving problems. Therefore, motivation is important in enhancing creativity among the employees. Staff motivation is crucial at the work place, since the employees are enthusiastic about their work, thus putting in some extra effort in their work. This ensure that quality work is produced, thus enhancing efficiency and increasing the organization’s overall performance. Take the example of the Japanese Automobile Industry where fewer workers are required due to high productivity. Analysts have found out that Japanese workers are highly motivated, therefore, requiring very few employees in the aut omobile industry. Highly motivated employees are more satisfied with their jobs than demotivated ones. Managers have realized that job satisfaction goes hand in hand with high levels of commitment and low employee

Childhood Obesity in America Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Childhood Obesity in America - Research Proposal Example The number of cases in past three decades have raised to three times. It is unfortunate that the rate of incidence obesity is reported to be exceptionally high for the minor population i.e. the population belonging to the age group between 2 to 18 years. It is also reported that 25% of Black and Hispanic kids are flabby (Child Obesity In America). The tern emerged for these exceptionally fat children as super-obesity and it has take a toll with a rise of 100% in past 20 years. It is evident that when these kids will grow they are going to be obese adults (Child Obesity In America). Such overweight kids start reporting with the problems of high blood lipids, insulin resistance, elevated blood pressure, and other troubles. The jeopardy of an high blood cholesterol concentration is maximum amongst children with body loads more than 90th percentile (Child Obesity In America). Reports illustrate that around 7 million American children and teenagers are supposed to have elevated cholestero l concentrations. If LDL concentration rises at young age and when these kids grow as adults they are bound to have prominent LDL cholesterol intensities (Child Obesity In America). ... Besides these critical issues the obese child also witness physical health issues and social troubles (Child Obesity In America). Morbidly obese children also suffer from emotional distress and this results in their profuse eating habits. It is observed that obese children relish a lot if they get all the eatable they wish for. They develop a tendency to eat constantly and do not feel satisfied even after eating a large full meal. It is reported that eating behavior of children have considerably altered over the past twenty years or so. Children are achieving a greater percentage of their calories from junk foods and snacks, these food items have high proportion of fat, salt and sugar (Child Obesity In America). The most favorite food items for kids in today's scenario are ice creams, soda pop, hamburgers, cheeseburgers, pizza, French fries made of potatoes that is full of starch, shakes that are sugar syrups, chips, and candy bars. These food items are devoid of fibers and are rich in fats and cholesterol. Children do not like to eat raw fruits and salads. They like to opt for juice with sugar from these juices fibers are being strained out. They do not like salads and vegetables, if they eat fruits and vegetables they eat with toppings of cream and sugar or with ice-cream (Child Obesity In America). Additionally, Children have developed a tendency to eat more and they are not satisfied with the little amount of food they consume. Estimates reveal that the average size of the food items have been enhanced three times i.e. from 50 to 135 calories, apart from food items augmentation in beverage serving has also enhanced from 8 to 20 ounces. With the increase in diet the body is also increasing in girth making the children to develop

Strategic Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Strategic Analysis - Essay Example In the modern scenario, to maintain sustainability in the global market, every organisation tends to form a basic company objective, vision as well as mission. Organisational culture has certainly created the need of following certain principles for attaining predetermined targets. These principles often help the employees to reap varied significant benefits like improved level of operational performance of the personnel. By taking into concern the present business market conditions, it can be affirmed that two vital factors including organisational culture and leadership are deemed to be quite important for any company that can assist in fulfilling desired objectives. A correct form of organisational culture and varied leadership practices may contribute in securing the future of the companies by a considerable extent (Wilson, 2005). Harley-Davidson (H-D) is a renowned American based business corporation, which deals with manufacturing motorcycles. It is regarded as one the oldest brands as a motorcycle manufacturer. It can be apparently observed that the company has strived to maintain organisational culture for fulfilling its desired targets. One of the main objectives of H-D is identified to offer quality products at a promised value. From the preceding few years, the company focused on changing its product design to gain more customer attention. In its long journey, H-D faced numerous difficulties in terms of finance. This can be justified with reference to the fact that the company experienced tremendous fall in market share due to the reason of having certain problems with one of its Japanese manufacturer. By taking into concern the trend of organizational culture prevailing within H-D, it can be ascertained that the company has produced new models with the increased level of improved operational performan ce of its employees. In the year 2003, H-D faced the challenge of severe decline in product demand, due to which, its share price

Teenage Pregnancy Essay Example for Free

Teenage Pregnancy Essay Challenges of Teenage Parenthood A. Parenthood Options B. Continuing Education C. Financial Problems V. Conclusion Teenage pregnancy is a major concern in todays society ;there are many ways to prevent teenage pregnancy, many people to get advice from, and many decisions a teenage parent must make. The statistics tell that the U. S. has the highest rate of teen pregnancy Teen Pregnancy Teen Pregnancy ; Parenting You sit there tense, your face is turning cherry red, your eyes are fixed on the little white machine, and you feel like the suspense is and births. More than 4 out of ten young women become pregnant at least once before they reach the age of 20-nearly one billion a year(Teen Pregnancy Facts and Stats 1). Teenage pregnancy has declined slowly but steadily. These recent declines reverse the 24-percent rise in the teenage birth rate from 1986 to 1991 (Teen Pregnancy Facts and Stats 1). Usually only one-third of teenage mothers receive a high school diploma. The rest of the mothers usually end Teen Pregnancy You sit there tense, your face is turning cherry red, your eyes are fixed on the little white machine, and you feel like the suspense is killing you, two minutes p on welfare. A majority of both boys and girls who are sexually active wish they had waited. Eight in ten girls and six in ten boys say they wish they had waited (Teen Pregnancy Facts and Stats 1). Many people are concerned about the problems teenage parents and their children face. The health risks for a teenage girl who becomes pregnant increase sharply. One of the concerns of teenage mothers is the health risk. Usually young women have Teen Pregnancy Teen Pregnancy Over the past two decades, the rates of teen pregnancy have grown dramatically. According to the Prevention of Teen Pregnancy, approximately every thirty-one seconds teenage pregnant in the more complications in pregnancy than older women. The most hazardous complication is low birth weight. One out of seven babies born to teenage mothers have a low birth weight (Hildebrand 88). Poor eating habits, smoking, or using alcohol or drugs, cause low birth weight. Premature babies and babies with low birth weights often have organs that havent fully developed, such as lungs, heart and brain. These babies get sick easier than normal weight babies. As a result Teen Pregnancy The situation is as follow: A teen girl (anywhere from the age thirteen to eighteen) finds herself in a sexual relationship with a male. The end result is from what was motioned above, teenage mothers are considered to be in the high-risk health category. They need good prenatal care as soon as they find out they are pregnant. A doctor, nurse, or other medical practitioner gives most of the information about nutrition. Prenatal care can help prevent pregnancy complications and improve ones chances of having a healthy baby. The best way to prevent teenage pregnancy, which is 100% effective, is abstinence. Most teenagers have a whole Teen pregnancy Teen Pregnancy There are a lot of teen mothers growing up in this world wondering, what if I would have stayed in school? What could I have become? life ahead of them and having a child will cause a lot of complications in your goals. Its not impossible for teenage mothers to complete high school, or try to reach their goals in life, but having a child could very well interfere with these goals. Another way of protection is condoms. There are a lot of protections out there, but these protections are not 100-percent reliable. There are a lot of places and people to go to Teen Pregnancy Teen Pregnancy There are a lot of teen mothers growing up in this world wondering, what if I would have stayed in school? What could I have become? for support and advice. In addition there are many organizations and hotlines a teenage mother can contact for advice and assistance. Parents and family are one alternative. There are a lot of teenagers that are afraid of their parents reactions. However, most parents are calmer and more supportive than teenagers expect. Most parents are shocked when the teenager comes and tells them that they are pregnant. Just give the parents time and they will try to give their Teen pregnancy Teen Pregnancy There are a lot of teen mothers growing up in this world wondering, what if I would have stayed in school? What could I have become? teenager the best advice that they know. The school nurse or counselor is another place to get advice. The counselor usually can gather up pamphlets and brochures about pregnancy. The counselor can also help the teenager remain in school. They are very supportive and understanding. Doctors and clinics are very important for a teenage parent to go to. There are a lot of home pregnancy tests available, but the doctor is a lot more reliable and gives

The Sarbane-Oxley Act (SOA) Essay -- Corporate Governance

INTRODUCTION "The Public Company Accounting Reform and Investor Protection Act" was signed into law by President Bush on July 30, 2002. The law is now known as The Sarbane-Oxley Act (SOA). The SOA has eleven titles within the act and numerous sections, pertaining to ethics, accounting, financial reporting, responsibilities of officers, whistleblower protection, and increased criminal penalties built upon prior securities laws. SOA is the most comprehensive securities legislation written since the 1940s. In the early part of the twentieth century companies did not have the sophistication and abilities of the modern company in regard to information technology, number of accountants, advisors and analysts. This legislation is a big step toward keeping U.S. law up to date with modern business practices. The Sarbane-Oxley Act was necessary to protect the U.S. economy and restore investor confidence after the many years of dishonest business practices by ENRON, WORLDCOM, TYCO and other companies. The practitioners of shady accounting and greed brought about a collapse in stock prices, shook investor confidence and hurt the credibility of all publicly traded companies. A mass "bail-out" by large stockholders ensued; however the average small investor held on, hoping that the stock would stabilize and believing the reassurances of companies, that claimed they were financially well-off when they were actually worth less than what they owed. In the end, investors and lower-rung employees of these companies were devastated financially. The underhandedness and greed of these corporate officers had the potential to hurl the U.S. economy out of control. The small investors, who are registered voters demanded action. This paper will review the sections of The Sarbane-Oxley Act, highlight their broad implications and discuss compliance. Compliance will cost all publicly traded companies a great deal of money. ?Deloitte's Point of View? will be used to illustrate that compliance, when embraced properly and approached positively can bring rewards for companies in the long term. SECTIONS The sections that follow are a simplification of the Sarbane-Oxley legislation. There are many niches that will require attorneys, accountants and advisors. Keep in mind all prior SEC (securities exchange commission) legislation such as (The Securities Act of 1933, Securiti... ...s Point of View, Sarbanes-Oxley Compliance. (Online). 8 Pages. Retrieved January 16, 2003 from: http://www.deloitte.com/dtt/section_node/0%2C2332%2Csid%25253D5601%2C00.html PriceWaterhouseCoopers. (2003). Key Elements of Antifraud Programs and Controls, A White Paper. 29 Pages (Online). Retrieved January 16, 2003 from: http://www.pwcglobal.com/Extweb/NewCoAtWork.nsf/docid/D0D7F79003C6D64485256CF30074D66C Securities and Exchange Commission. (2002). Proposed Rule: Certification of Disclosure in Companies? Quarterly and Annual Reports. 6 Pages (Online). Retrieved January 17, 2003 from: http://www.sec.gov/rules/proposed/34-46300.htm Securities and Exchange Commission. (2003). The Laws That Govern the Securities Industry. 5 Pages, (Online). Retrieved January 17, 2003 from: http://www.sec.gov/about/laws.shtml#secact1933 Securities and Exchange Commission. (2003). Summary of SEC Actions. 3 Pages, (Online). Retrieved January 17, 2003 from: www.sec.gov/news/press/2003-89a.htm Worthen B. (2003, December 1). A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to Compliance. CIO Magazine, Retrieved January 15, 2003 from: http://www.cio.com/archive/120103/oxley.html

Chapter 21 The House-elf Liberation Front

Harry, Ron, and Hermione went up to the Owlery that evening to find Pigwidgeon, so that Harry could send Sirius a letter telling him that he had managed to get past his dragon unscathed. On the way, Harry filled Ron in on everything Sirius had told him about Karkaroff. Though shocked at first to hear that Karkaroff had been a Death Eater, by the time they entered the Owlery Ron was saying that they ought to have suspected it all along. â€Å"Fits, doesn't it?† he said. â€Å"Remember what Malfoy said on the train, about his dad being friends with Karkaroff? Now we know where they knew each other. They were probably running around in masks together at the World Cup†¦.I'll tell you one thing, though, Harry, if it was Karkaroff who put your name in the goblet, he's going to be feeling really stupid now, isn't he? Didn't work, did it? You only got a scratch! Come here – I'll do it -â€Å" Pigwidgeon was so overexcited at the idea of a delivery he was flying around and around Harry's head, hooting incessantly. Ron snatched Pigwidgeon out of the air and held him still while Harry attached the letter to his leg. There's no way any of the other tasks are going to be that dangerous, how could they be?† Ron went on as he carried Pigwidgeon to the window. â€Å"You know what? I reckon you could win this tournament, Harry, I'm serious.† Harry knew that Ron was only saying this to make up for his behavior of the last few weeks, but he appreciated it all the same. Hermione, however, leaned against the Owlery wall, folded her arms, and frowned at Ron. â€Å"Harry's got a long way to go before he finishes this tournament,† she said seriously. â€Å"If that was the first task, I hate to think what's coming next.† â€Å"Right little ray of sunshine, aren't you?† said Ron. â€Å"You and Professor Trelawney should get together sometime.† He threw Pigwidgeon out of the window. Pigwidgeon plummeted twelve feet before managing to pull himself back up again; the letter attached to his leg was much longer and heavier than usual – Harry hadn't been able to resist giving Sirius a blow-by-blow account of exactly how he had swerved, circled, and dodged the Horntail. They watched Pigwidgeon disappear into the darkness, and then Ron said, â€Å"Well, we'd better get downstairs for your surprise party, Harry – Fred and George should have nicked enough food from the kitchens by now.† Sure enough, when they entered the Gryffindor common room it exploded with cheers and yells again. There were mountains of cakes and flagons of pumpkin juice and butterbeer on every surface; Lee Jordan had let off some Filibuster's Fireworks, so that the air was thick with stars and sparks; and Dean Thomas, who was very good at drawing, had put up some impressive new banners, most of which depicted Harry zooming around the Horntail's head on his Firebolt, though a couple showed Cedric with his head on fire. Harry helped himself to food; he had almost forgotten what it was like to feel properly hungry, and sat down with Ron and Hermione. He couldn't believe how happy he felt; he had Ron back on his side, he'd gotten through the first task, and he wouldn't have to face the second one for three months. â€Å"Blimey, this is heavy,† said Lee Jordan, picking up the golden egg, which Harry had left on a table, and weighing it in his hands. â€Å"Open it, Harry, go on! Let's just see what's inside it!† â€Å"He's supposed to work out the clue on his own,† Hermione said swiftly. â€Å"It's in the tournament rules†¦.† â€Å"I was supposed to work out how to get past the dragon on my own too,† Harry muttered, so only Hermione could hear him, and she grinned rather guiltily. â€Å"Yeah, go on, Harry, open it!† several people echoed. Lee passed Harry the egg, and Harry dug his fingernails into the groove that ran all the way around it and prised it open. It was hollow and completely empty – but the moment Harry opened it, the most horrible noise, a loud and screechy wailing, filled the room. The nearest thing to it Harry had ever heard was the ghost orchestra at Nearly Headless Nick's deathday party, who had all been playing the musical saw. â€Å"Shut it!† Fred bellowed, his hands over his ears. â€Å"What was that?† said Seamus Finnigan, staring at the egg as Harry slammed it shut again. â€Å"Sounded like a banshee†¦Maybe you've got to get past one of those next, Harry!† â€Å"It was someone being tortured!† said Neville, who had gone very white and spilled sausage rolls all over the floor. â€Å"You're going to have to fight the Cruciatus Curse!† â€Å"Don't be a prat, Neville, that's illegal,† said George. â€Å"They wouldn't use the Cruciatus Curse on the champions. I thought it sounded a bit like Percy singing†¦maybe you've got to attack him while he's in the shower. Harry.† â€Å"Want a jam tart, Hermione?† said Fred. Hermione looked doubtfully at the plate he was offering her. Fred grinned. â€Å"It's all right,† he said. â€Å"I haven't done anything to them. It's the custard creams you've got to watch -â€Å" Neville, who had just bitten into a custard cream, choked and spat it out. Fred laughed. â€Å"Just my little joke, Neville†¦.† Hermione took a jam tart. Then she said, â€Å"Did you get all this from the kitchens, Fred?† â€Å"Yep,† said Fred, grinning at her. He put on a high-pitched squeak and imitated a house-elf. â€Å"‘anything we can get you, sir, anything at all!' They're dead helpful†¦get me a roast ox if I said I was peckish.† â€Å"How do you get in there?† Hermione said in an innocently casual sort of voice. â€Å"Easy,† said Fred, â€Å"concealed door behind a painting of a bowl of fruit. Just tickle the pear, and it giggles and -† He stopped and looked suspiciously at her. â€Å"Why?† â€Å"Nothing,† said Hermione quickly. â€Å"Going to try and lead the house-elves out on strike now, are you?† said George. â€Å"Going to give up all the leaflet stuff and try and stir them up into rebellion?† Several people chortled. Hermione didn't answer. â€Å"Don't you go upsetting them and telling them they've got to take clothes and salaries!† said Fred warningly. â€Å"You'll put them off their cooking!† Just then, Neville caused a slight diversion by turning into a large canary. â€Å"Oh – sorry, Neville!† Fred shouted over all the laughter. â€Å"I forgot – it was the custard creams we hexed -â€Å" Within a minute, however, Neville had molted, and once his feathers had fallen off, he reappeared looking entirely normal. He even joined in laughing. â€Å"Canary Creams!† Fred shouted to the excitable crowd. â€Å"George and I invented them – seven Sickles each, a bargain!† It was nearly one in the morning when Harry finally went up to the dormitory with Ron, Neville, Seamus, and Dean. Before he pulled the curtains of his four-poster shut. Harry set his tiny model of the Hungarian Horntail on the table next to his bed, where it yawned, curled up, and closed its eyes. Really, Harry thought, as he pulled the hangings on his four-poster closed, Hagrid had a point†¦they were all right, really, dragons†¦. The start of December brought wind and sleet to Hogwarts. Drafty though the castle always was in winter. Harry was glad of its fires and thick walls every time he passed the Durmstrang ship on the lake, which was pitching in the high winds, its black sails billowing against the dark skies. He thought the Beauxbatons caravan was likely to be pretty chilly too. Hagrid, he noticed, was keeping Madame Maxime's horses well provided with their preferred drink of single-malt whiskey; the fumes wafting from the trough in the comer of their paddock was enough to make the entire Care of Magical Creatures class light-headed. This was unhelpful, as they were still tending the horrible skrewts and needed their wits about them. â€Å"I'm not sure whether they hibernate or not,† Hagrid told the shivering class in the windy pumpkin patch next lesson. â€Å"Thought we'd jus' try an see if they fancied a kip†¦we'll jus' settle 'em down in these boxes†¦.† There were now only ten skrewts left; apparently their desire to kill one another had not been exercised out of them. Each of them was now approaching six feet in length. Their thick gray armor; their powerful, scuttling legs; their fire-blasting ends; their stings and their suckers, combined to make the skrewts the most repulsive things Harry had ever seen. The class looked dispiritedly at the enormous boxes Hagrid had brought out, all lined with pillows and fluffy blankets. â€Å"We'll jus' lead 'em in here,† Hagrid said, â€Å"an' put the lids on, and we'll see what happens.† But the skrewts, it transpired, did not hibernate, and did not appreciate being forced into pillow-lined boxes and nailed in. Hagrid was soon yelling, â€Å"Don panic, now, don' panic!† while the skrewts rampaged around the pumpkin patch, now strewn with the smoldering wreckage of the boxes. Most of the class – Malfoy, Crabbe, and Goyle in the lead – had fled into Hagrid's cabin through the back door and barricaded themselves in; Harry, Ron, and Hermione, however, were among those who remained outside trying to help Hagrid. Together they managed to restrain and tie up nine of the skrewts, though at the cost of numerous burns and cuts; finally, only one skrewt was left. â€Å"Don' frighten him, now!† Hagrid shouted as Ron and Harry used their wands to shoot jets of fiery sparks at the skrewt, which was advancing menacingly on them, its sting arched, quivering, over its back. â€Å"Jus' try an slip the rope 'round his sting, so he won hurt any o' the others!† â€Å"Yeah, we wouldn't want that!† Ron shouted angrily as he and Harry backed into the wall of Hagrid's cabin, still holding the skrewt off with their sparks. â€Å"Well, well, well†¦this does look like fun.† Rita Skeeter was leaning on Hagrid's garden fence, looking in at the mayhem. She was wearing a thick magenta cloak with a furry purple collar today, and her crocodile-skin handbag was over her arm. Hagrid launched himself forward on top of the skrewt that was cornering Harry and Ron and flattened it; a blast of fire shot out of its end, withering the pumpkin plants nearby. â€Å"Who're you?† Hagrid asked Rita Skeeter as he slipped a loop of rope around the skrewt's sting and tightened it. â€Å"Rita Skeeter, Daily Prophet reporter,† Rita replied, beaming at him. Her gold teeth glinted. â€Å"Thought Dumbledore said you weren' allowed inside the school anymore,† said Hagrid, frowning slightly as he got off the slightly squashed skrewt and started tugging it over to its fellows. Rita acted as though she hadn't heard what Hagrid had said. â€Å"What are these fascinating creatures called?† she asked, beaming still more widely. â€Å"Blast-Ended Skrewts,† grunted Hagrid. â€Å"Really?† said Rita, apparently full of lively interest. â€Å"I've never heard of them before†¦where do they come from?† Harry noticed a dull red flush rising up out of Hagrid's wild black beard, and his heart sank. Where had Hagrid got the skrewts from? Hermione, who seemed to be thinking along these lines, said quickly, â€Å"They're very interesting, aren't they? Aren't they. Harry?† â€Å"What? Oh yeah†¦ouch†¦interesting,† said Harry as she stepped on his foot. â€Å"Ah, you're here. Harry!† said Rita Skeeter as she looked around. â€Å"So you like Care of Magical Creatures, do you? One of your favorite lessons?† â€Å"Yes,† said Harry stoutly. Hagrid beamed at him. â€Å"Lovely,† said Rita. â€Å"Really lovely. Been teaching long?† she added to Hagrid. Harry noticed her eyes travel over Dean (who had a nasty cut across one cheek). Lavender (whose robes were badly singed), Seamus (who was nursing several burnt fingers), and then to the cabin windows, where most of the class stood, their noses pressed against the glass waiting to see if the coast was clear. â€Å"This is o'ny me second year,† said Hagrid. â€Å"Lovely†¦I don't suppose you'd like to give an interview, would you? Share some of your experience of magical creatures? The Prophet does a zoological column every Wednesday, as I'm sure you know. We could feature these – er – Bang-Ended Scoots.† â€Å"Blast-Ended Skrewts,† Hagrid said eagerly. â€Å"Er – yeah, why not?† Harry had a very bad feeling about this, but there was no way of communicating it to Hagrid without Rita Skeeter seeing, so he had to stand and watch in silence as Hagrid and Rita Skeeter made arrangements to meet in the Three Broomsticks for a good long interview later that week. Then the bell rang up at the castle, signaling the end of the lesson. â€Å"Well, good-bye, Harry!† Rita Skeeter called merrily to him as he set off with Ron and Hermione. â€Å"Until Friday night, then, Hagrid!† â€Å"She'll twist everything he says,† Harry said under his breath. â€Å"Just as long as he didn't import those skrewts illegally or anything,† said Hermione desperately. They looked at one another – it was exactly the sort of thing Hagrid might do. â€Å"Hagrid's been in loads of trouble before, and Dumbledores never sacked him,† said Ron consolingly. â€Å"Worst that can happen is Hagrid'll have to get rid of the skrewts. Sorry†¦did I say worst? I meant best.† Harry and Hermione laughed, and, feeling slightly more cheerful, went off to lunch. Harry thoroughly enjoyed double Divination that afternoon; they were still doing star charts and predictions, but now that he and Ron were friends once more, the whole thing seemed very funny again. Professor Trelawney, who had been so pleased with the pair of them when they had been predicting their own horrific deaths, quickly became irritated as they sniggered through her explanation of the various ways in which Pluto could disrupt everyday life. â€Å"I would think,† she said, in a mystical whisper that did not conceal her obvious annoyance, â€Å"that some of us† – she stared very meaningfully at Harry- â€Å"might be a little less frivolous had they seen what I have seen during my crystal gazing last night. As I sat here, absorbed in my needlework, the urge to consult the orb overpowered me. I arose, I settled myself before it, and I gazed into its crystalline depths†¦and what do you think I saw gazing back at me?† â€Å"An ugly old bat in outsize specs?† Ron muttered under his breath. Harry fought hard to keep his face straight. â€Å"Death, my dears.† Parvati and Lavender both put their hands over their mouths, looking horrified. â€Å"Yes,† said Professor Trelawney, nodding impressively, â€Å"it comes, ever closer, it circles overhead like a vulture, ever lower†¦ever lower over the castle†¦.† She stared pointedly at Harry, who yawned very widely and obviously. â€Å"It'd be a bit more impressive if she hadn't done it about eighty times before,† Harry said as they finally regained the fresh air of the staircase beneath Professor Trelawney's room. â€Å"But if I'd dropped dead every time she's told me I'm going to, I'd be a medical miracle.† â€Å"You'd be a sort of extra-concentrated ghost,† said Ron, chortling, as they passed the Bloody Baron going in the opposite direction, his wide eyes staring sinisterly. â€Å"At least we didn't get homework. I hope Hermione got loads off Professor Vector, I love not working when she is†¦.† But Hermione wasn't at dinner, nor was she in the library when they went to look for her afterward. The only person in there was Viktor Krum. Ron hovered behind the bookshelves for a while, watching Krum, debating in whispers with Harry whether he should ask for an autograph – but then Ron realized that six or seven girls were lurking in the next row of books, debating exactly the same thing, and he lost his enthusiasm for the idea. â€Å"Wonder where she's got to?† Ron said as he and Harry went back to Gryffindor Tower. â€Å"Dunno†¦balderdash.† But the Fat Lady had barely begun to swing forward when the sound of racing feet behind them announced Hermione's arrival. â€Å"Harry!† she panted, skidding to a halt beside him (the Fat Lady stared down at her, eyebrows raised). â€Å"Harry, you've got to come – you've got to come, the most amazing thing's happened – please -â€Å" She seized Harry's arm and started to try to drag him back along the corridor. â€Å"What's the matter?† Harry said. â€Å"I'll show you when we get there – oh come on, quick -â€Å" Harry looked around at Ron; he looked back at Harry, intrigued. â€Å"Okay,† Harry said, starting off back down the corridor with Hermione, Ron hurrying to keep up. â€Å"Oh don't mind me!† the Fat Lady called irritably after them. â€Å"Don't apologize for bothering me! I'll just hang here, wide open, until you get back, shall I?† â€Å"Yeah, thanks!† Ron shouted over his shoulder. â€Å"Hermione, where are we going?† Harry asked, after she had led them down through six floors, and started down the marble staircase into the entrance hall. â€Å"You'll see, you'll see in a minute!† said Hermione excitedly. She turned left at the bottom of the staircase and hurried toward the door through which Cedric Diggory had gone the night after the Goblet of Fire had regurgitated his and Harry's names. Harry had never been through here before. He and Ron followed Hermione down a flight of stone steps, but instead of ending up in a gloomy underground passage like the one that led to Snape's dungeon, they found themselves in a broad stone corridor, brightly lit with torches, and decorated with cheerful paintings that were mainly of food. â€Å"Oh hang on†¦Ã¢â‚¬  said Harry slowly, halfway down the corridor. â€Å"Wait a minute, Hermione†¦.† â€Å"What?† She turned around to look at him, anticipation all over her face. â€Å"I know what this is about,† said Harry. He nudged Ron and pointed to the painting just behind Hermione. It showed a gigantic silver fruit bowl. â€Å"Hermione!† said Ron, cottoning on. â€Å"You're trying to rope us into that spew stuff again!† â€Å"No, no, I'm not!† she said hastily. â€Å"And it's not spew, Ron -â€Å" â€Å"Changed the name, have you?† said Ron, frowning at her. â€Å"What are we now, then, the House-Elf Liberation Front? I'm not barging into that kitchen and trying to make them stop work, I'm not doing it -â€Å" â€Å"I'm not asking you to!† Hermione said impatiently. â€Å"I came down here just now, to talk to them all, and I found – oh come on, Harry, I want to show you!† She seized his arm again, pulled him in front of the picture of the giant fruit bowl, stretched out her forefinger, and tickled the huge green pear. It began to squirm, chuckling, and suddenly turned into a large green door handle. Hermione seized it, pulled the door open, and pushed Harry hard in the back, forcing him inside. He had one brief glimpse of an enormous, high-ceilinged room, large as the Great Hall above it, with mounds of glittering brass pots and pans heaped around the stone walls, and a great brick fireplace at the other end, when something small hurtled toward him from the middle of the room, squealing, â€Å"Harry Potter, sir! Harry Potter!† Next second all the wind had been knocked out of him as the squealing elf hit him hard in the midriff, hugging him so tightly he thought his ribs would break. â€Å"D-Dobby?† Harry gasped. â€Å"It is Dobby, sir, it is!† squealed the voice from somewhere around his navel. â€Å"Dobby has been hoping and hoping to see Harry Potter, sir, and Harry Potter has come to see him, sir!† Dobby let go and stepped back a few paces, beaming up at Harry, his enormous, green, tennis-ball-shaped eyes brimming with tears of happiness. He looked almost exactly as Harry remembered him; the pencil-shaped nose, the batlike ears, the long fingers and feet – all except the clothes, which were very different. When Dobby had worked for the Malfoys, he had always worn the same filthy old pillowcase. Now, however, he was wearing the strangest assortment of garments Harry had ever seen; he had done an even worse job of dressing himself than the wizards at the World Cup. He was wearing a tea cozy for a hat, on which he had pinned a number of bright badges; a tie patterned with horseshoes over a bare chest, a pair of what looked like children's soccer shorts, and odd socks. One of these, Harry saw, was the black one Harry had removed from his own foot and tricked Mr. Malfoy into giving Dobby, thereby setting Dobby free. The other was covered in pink and orange stripes. â€Å"Dobby, what're you doing here?† Harry said in amazement. â€Å"Dobby has come to work at Hogwarts, sir!† Dobby squealed excitedly. â€Å"Professor Dumbledore gave Dobby and Winky jobs, sir! â€Å"Winky?† said Harry. â€Å"She's here too?† â€Å"Yes, sir, yes!† said Dobby, and he seized Harry's hand and pulled him off into the kitchen between the four long wooden tables that stood there. Each of these tables, Harry noticed as he passed them, was positioned exactly beneath the four House tables above, in the Great Hall. At the moment, they were clear of food, dinner having finished, but he supposed that an hour ago they had been laden with dishes that were then sent up through the ceiling to their counterparts above. At least a hundred little elves were standing around the kitchen, beaming, bowing, and curtsying as Dobby led Harry past them. They were all wearing the same uniform: a tea towel stamped with the Hogwarts crest, and tied, as Winky's had been, like a toga. Dobby stopped in front of the brick fireplace and pointed. â€Å"Winky, sir!† he said. Winky was sitting on a stool by the fire. Unlike Dobby, she had obviously not foraged for clothes. She was wearing a neat little skirt and blouse with a matching blue hat, which had holes in it for her large ears. However, while every one of Dobby's strange collection of garments was so clean and well cared for that it looked brand-new, Winky was plainly not taking care other clothes at all. There were soup stains all down her blouse and a burn in her skirt. â€Å"Hello, Winky,† said Harry. Winky's lip quivered. Then she burst into tears, which spilled out of her great brown eyes and splashed down her front, just as they had done at the Quidditch World Cup. â€Å"Oh dear,† said Hermione. She and Ron had followed Harry and Dobby to the end of the kitchen. â€Å"Winky, don't cry, please don't†¦Ã¢â‚¬  But Winky cried harder than ever. Dobby, on the other hand, beamed up at Harry. â€Å"Would Harry Potter like a cup of tea?† he squeaked loudly, over Winky's sobs. â€Å"Er – yeah, okay,† said Harry. Instantly, about six house-elves came trotting up behind him, bearing a large silver tray laden with a teapot, cups for Harry, Ron, and Hermione, a milk jug, and a large plate of biscuits. â€Å"Good service!† Ron said, in an impressed voice. Hermione frowned at him, but the elves all looked delighted; they bowed very low and retreated. â€Å"How long have you been here, Dobby?† Harry asked as Dobby handed around the tea. â€Å"Only a week. Harry Potter, sir!† said Dobby happily. â€Å"Dobby came to see Professor Dumbledore, sir. You see, sir, it is very difficult for a house-elf who has been dismissed to get a new position, sir, very difficult indeed -â€Å" At this, Winky howled even harder, her squashed-tomato of a nose dribbling all down her front, though she made no effort to stem the flow. â€Å"Dobby has traveled the country for two whole years, sir, trying to find work!† Dobby squeaked. â€Å"But Dobby hasn't found work, sir, because Dobby wants paying now!† The house-elves all around the kitchen, who had been listening and watching with interest, all looked away at these words, as though Dobby had said something rude and embarrassing. Hermione, however, said, â€Å"Good for you, Dobby!† â€Å"Thank you, miss!† said Dobby, grinning toothily at her. â€Å"But most wizards doesn't want a house-elf who wants paying, miss. ‘That's not the point of a house-elf,' they says, and they slammed the door in Dobby's face! Dobby likes work, but he wants to wear clothes and he wants to be paid. Harry Potter†¦.Dobby likes being free!† The Hogwarts house-elves had now started edging away from Dobby, as though he were carrying something contagious. Winky, however, remained where she was, though there was a definite increase in the volume other crying. â€Å"And then, Harry Potter, Dobby goes to visit Winky, and finds out Winky has been freed too, sir!† said Dobby delightedly. At this, Winky flung herself forward off her stool and lay face-down on the flagged stone floor, beating her tiny fists upon it and positively screaming with misery. Hermione hastily dropped down to her knees beside her and tried to comfort her, but nothing she said made the slightest difference. Dobby continued with his story, shouting shrilly over Winky's screeches. â€Å"And then Dobby had the idea. Harry Potter, sir! ‘Why doesn't Dobby and Winky find work together?' Dobby says. ‘Where is there enough work for two house-elves?' says Winky. And Dobby thinks, and it comes to him, sir! Hogwarts! So Dobby and Winky came to see Professor Dumbledore, sir, and Professor Dumbledore took us on!† Dobby beamed very brightly, and happy tears welled in his eyes again. â€Å"And Professor Dumbledore says he will pay Dobby, sir, if Dobby wants paying! And so Dobby is a free elf, sir, and Dobby gets a Galleon a week and one day off a month!† â€Å"That's not very much!† Hermione shouted indignantly from the floor, over Winky's continued screaming and fist-beating. â€Å"Professor Dumbledore offered Dobby ten Galleons a week, and weekends off,† said Dobby, suddenly giving a little shiver, as though the prospect of so much leisure and riches were frightening, â€Å"but Dobby beat him down, miss†¦.Dobby likes freedom, miss, but he isn't wanting too much, miss, he likes work better.† â€Å"And how much is Professor Dumbledore paying you, Winky?† Hermione asked kindly. If she had thought this would cheer up Winky, she was wildly mistaken. Winky did stop crying, but when she sat up she was glaring at Hermione through her massive brown eyes, her whole face sopping wet and suddenly furious. â€Å"Winky is a disgraced elf, but Winky is not yet getting paid!† she squeaked. â€Å"Winky is not sunk so low as that! Winky is properly ashamed of being freed!† â€Å"Ashamed?† said Hermione blankly. â€Å"But – Winky, come on! It's Mr. Crouch who should be ashamed, not you! You didn't do anything wrong, he was really horrible to you -â€Å" But at these words, Winky clapped her hands over the holes in her hat, flattening her ears so that she couldn't hear a word, and screeched, â€Å"You is not insulting my master, miss! You is not insulting Mr. Crouch! Mr. Crouch is a good wizard, miss! Mr. Crouch is right to sack bad Winky!† â€Å"Winky is having trouble adjusting, Harry Potter,† squeaked Dobby confidentially. â€Å"Winky forgets she is not bound to Mr. Crouch anymore; she is allowed to speak her mind now, but she won't do it.† â€Å"Can't house-elves speak their minds about their masters, then?† Harry asked. â€Å"Oh no, sir, no,† said Dobby, looking suddenly serious. â€Å"‘Tis part of the house-elf's enslavement, sir. We keeps their secrets and our silence, sir. We upholds the family's honor, and we never speaks ill of them – though Professor Dumbledore told Dobby he does not insist upon this. Professor Dumbledore said we is free to – to -â€Å" Dobby looked suddenly nervous and beckoned Harry closer. Harry bent forward. Dobby whispered, â€Å"He said we is free to call him a – a barmy old codger if we likes, sir!† Dobby gave a frightened sort of giggle. â€Å"But Dobby is not wanting to, Harry Potter,† he said, talking normally again, and shaking his head so that his ears flapped. â€Å"Dobby likes Professor Dumbledore very much, sir, and is proud to keep his secrets and our silence for him.† â€Å"But you can say what you like about the Malfoys now?† Harry asked him, grinning. A slightly fearful look came into Dobby's immense eyes. â€Å"Dobby – Dobby could,† he said doubtfully. He squared his small shoulders. â€Å"Dobby could tell Harry Potter that his old masters were – were – bad Dark wizards!† Dobby stood for a moment, quivering all over, horror-struck by his own daring – then he rushed over to the nearest table and began banging his head on it very hard, squealing, â€Å"Bad Dobby! Bad Dobby!† Harry seized Dobby by the back of his tie and pulled him away from the table. â€Å"Thank you. Harry Potter, thank you,† said Dobby breathlessly, rubbing his head. â€Å"You just need a bit of practice,† Harry said. â€Å"Practice!† squealed Winky furiously. â€Å"You is ought to be ashamed of yourself, Dobby, talking that way about your masters!† â€Å"They isn't my masters anymore, Winky!† said Dobby defiantly. â€Å"Dobby doesn't care what they think anymore!† â€Å"Oh you is a bad elf, Dobby!† moaned Winky, tears leaking down her face once more. â€Å"My poor Mr. Crouch, what is he doing without Winky? He is needing me, he is needing my help! I is looking after the Crouches all my life, and my mother is doing it before me, and my grandmother is doing it before her†¦oh what is they saying if they knew Winky was freed? Oh the shame, the shame!† She buried her face in her skirt again and bawled. â€Å"Winky,† said Hermione firmly, â€Å"I'm quite sure Mr. Crouch is getting along perfectly well without you. We've seen him, you know -â€Å" â€Å"You is seeing my master?† said Winky breathlessly, raising her tearstained face out of her skirt once more and goggling at Hermione. â€Å"You is seeing him here at Hogwarts?† â€Å"Yes,† said Hermione, â€Å"he and Mr. Bagman are judges in the Triwizard Tournament.† â€Å"Mr. Bagman comes too?† squeaked Winky, and to Harry ‘s great surprise (and Ron's and Hermione's too, by the looks on their faces), she looked angry again. â€Å"Mr. Bagman is a bad wizard! A very bad wizard! My master isn't liking him, oh no, not at all!† â€Å"Bagman – bad?† said Harry. â€Å"Oh yes,† Winky said, nodding her head furiously, â€Å"My master is telling Winky some things! But Winky is not saying†¦Winky – Winky keeps her master's secrets†¦.† She dissolved yet again in tears; they could hear her sobbing into her skirt, â€Å"Poor master, poor master, no Winky to help him no more!† They couldn't get another sensible word out of Winky. They left her to her crying and finished their tea, while Dobby chatted happily about his life as a free elf and his plans for his wages. â€Å"Dobby is going to buy a sweater next, Harry Potter!† he said happily, pointing at his bare chest. â€Å"Tell you what, Dobby,† said Ron, who seemed to have taken a great liking to the elf, â€Å"I'll give you the one my mum knits me this Christmas, I always get one from her. You don't mind maroon, do you?† Dobby was delighted. â€Å"We might have to shrink it a bit to fit you,† Ron told him, â€Å"but it'll go well with your tea cozy.† As they prepared to take their leave, many of the surrounding elves pressed in upon them, offering snacks to take back upstairs. Hermione refused, with a pained look at the way the elves kept bowing and curtsying, but Harry and Ron loaded their pockets with cream cakes and pies. â€Å"Thanks a lot!† Harry said to the elves, who had all clustered around the door to say good night. â€Å"See you, Dobby!† â€Å"Harry Potter†¦can Dobby come and see you sometimes, sir?† Dobby asked tentatively. † ‘Course you can,† said Harry, and Dobby beamed. â€Å"You know what?† said Ron, once he, Hermione, and Harry had left the kitchens behind and were climbing the steps into the entrance hall again. â€Å"All these years I've been really impressed with Fred and George, nicking food from the kitchens – well, it's not exactly difficult, is it? They can't wait to give it away!† â€Å"I think this is the best thing that could have happened to those elves, you know,† said Hermione, leading the way back up the marble staircase. â€Å"Dobby coming to work here, I mean. The other elves will see how happy he is, being free, and slowly it'll dawn on them that they want that too!† â€Å"Let's hope they don't look too closely at Winky,† said Harry. â€Å"Oh she'll cheer up,† said Hermione, though she sounded a bit doubtful. â€Å"Once the shock's worn off, and she's got used to Hogwarts, she'll see how much better off she is without that Crouch man.† â€Å"She seems to love him,† said Ron thickly (he had just started on a cream cake). â€Å"Doesn't think much of Bagman, though, does she?† said Harry. â€Å"Wonder what Crouch says at home about him?† â€Å"Probably says he's not a very good Head of Department,† said Hermione, â€Å"and let's face it†¦he's got a point, hasn't he?† â€Å"I'd still rather work for him than old Crouch,† said Ron. â€Å"At least Bagman's got a sense of humor.† â€Å"Don't let Percy hear you saying that,† Hermione said, smiling slightly. â€Å"Yeah, well, Percy wouldn't want to work for anyone with a sense of humor, would he?† said Ron, now starting on a chocolate eclair. â€Å"Percy wouldn't recognize a joke if it danced naked in front of him wearing Dobby's tea cozy.†